This just sort of fell out of my head this afternoon... my response to a lot
of these municpal wireless projects has finally congealed in a somewhat
coherent form.

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http://future.iftf.org/2006/04/adsupported_mun.html

Ad-Supported Municipal Wireless Networks and the Future of Cities: Three
Issues Missing From the Current Debate

Anthony Townsend
Research Director
Technology Horizons Program
Institute for the Future
Palo Alto, California
http://www.iftf.org

>From Philadelphia to San Francisco to Portland, plans for municipal wireless
networks are on the drawing board in hundreds of cities across America.
These ambitious projects are driven by both push and pull forces. On the
push side, Wi-Fi technology has rewritten the economics of deploying
broadband access in densely built cities. What used to require tearing up
streets and deploying costly cables now can be achieved my mounting antennas
on street lamps every hundred yards or so. On the pull side, minority
communities and small businesses that have been bypassed by DSL and digital
cable buildout are mobilizing and demanding equal access to the vital
economic lifeline that broadband networks represent.

While the speed with which local governments are moving to exploit this
opportunity is admirable, IFTF¹s research has identified several areas where
insufficient energy is being devoted to explore the long-term consequences
of design and implementation decisions. While the working life of today¹s
Wi-Fi technologies may only be five to ten years, the infrastructure and
governance models put in place today are likely to shape a whole
generation¹s worth of urban wireless networks. If cities fail to think
ahead, they may find it more challenging to leverage wireless infrastructure
for digital inclusion, economic development and public safety in the future.

There are three key areas that deserve special attention:
€    Guaranteeing citizens¹ role as content providers
€    Finding a balance for location privacy
€    Enabling the Internet of Things

Guaranteeing Citizens¹ Role as Content Providers

Perhaps the most exciting development on the Internet in the last five years
has been the rise of open, lightweight toolkits for the collaborative
creation of local knowledge. San Francisco-based Craigslist.org for example,
has become one of the main repositories for classified advertising, and an
engine for local economic and social development by making it easier for
people to trade and organize locally. Wikipedia has enabled a global
community to develop an authoritiatve, multi-lingual compendium of
knowledge.

Discussions about the design of today¹s municipal wireless networking
efforts have not yet addressed the way community-created content can be
solicited and integrated in the splash pages and portal sites where wireless
users are greeted when they connect. We do know that cities such as Long
Beach, California and business improvement districts in New York City have
experimented with local content. However, these past experiments did not
leverage the tools we possess today to rethink how we might provide a
community bulletin board as an integral part of the municipal wireless
experience. The directions of current municipal projects instead are
unwittingly viewing the wireless network as a means to escape local
communities, and as a one-way street for advertisers to subsidize the
network¹s operating costs.

Therefore, in order to guarantee that municipal wireless networks willl
enhance citizen¹s roles as content providers, cities should:
€    Require that wireless franchisees provide significant community access
to wireless captive portal pages and splash pages. Ownership, control and
access to this resource can be organized in any number of ways ­ having
local students document and chronicle local events and other open content
authoring models.
€    Cities should demand access to any future advertising channel deployed
on ad-supported municipal networks for public service announcement-type
content.

Striking A Balance on Location Privacy

A deadlock is looming over the issue of location privacy on municipal
wireless networks. On the one hand, ISPs and advertisers argue that only
constant monitoring of user location will allow them to effectively
understand and target ads to justify the costs of building and operating
citywide networks. On the other hand, privacy advocates argue essentially
that any tracking of user location that is not necessary for the operation
of data communications service is an unnecessary invasion of individual
privacy.

However, reality, as always is less clear. While cultural differences
abound, wireless users around the world have shown a willingness to have
their locations tracked for various purposes ­ security, navigation, and
social networking. However, companies and governments have also consistently
underestimated people¹s ability to make informed decisions about the
disclosure of personal information. And it is increasingly clear that
location-targeted advertising may be the best single business model for
rapid, comprehensive deployment of wireless broadband in American cities.

What is needed then is a solution that balances users¹ desires for
location-based services that content providers and advertisers seek to
deliver, but also allows users to safeguard their personal location
information. One technical solution to this dilemma comes from Intel
Research Seattle, whose PlaceLab software allows a Wi-Fi laptop or cellular
smart phone to accurately determine its position without any outside help,
and then let the user chose when and where to share this information with
3rd party content providers. Such privacy-observant location technologies
should be on the top of any city¹s demand for wireless franchisees seeking
to deploy user-tracking technologies.

Therefore, in order to guarantee a balanced approach to user location
privacy, cities should:
€    Favor proposals that put the power of location determination and
sharing of location data in the user¹s hands
€    Emphasize the need for special precautions to protect location data for
vulnerable populations such as teenagers
€    Provide a mechanism for receiving and investigating claims of abuse and
excessive invasions of privacy

Enabling the Internet of Things

Finally, and perhaps most importantly, cities need to start thinking beyond
contemporary visions of wireless usage ­ which is essentially limited to
people going online from Wi-Fi equipped laptops and PDAs ­ and embrace more
future-oriented visions of a world of connected things.

For the next five years or so, most of the devices that we will connect to
municipal networks will be interactive terminals ­ laptops, desktops, PDAs
and smart phones. What these devices all have in common is a screen, that
can display a web browser, onto which the value-producing location-based ads
can be shown.

However, as we move out beyond five years, increasingly the value of
universal wireless converage will start to come from the browser-less
objects that can benefit from being connected to the Internet. Yury Gitman¹s
MagicBike has shown the potential of what USC professor Julian Bleecker
calls ³blogjects² or objects that blog, and record data about themselves to
the Internet.

We don¹t know quite yet what these Internet-connected objects will really be
useful for, but that¹s sort of the point. The cities that create an
enviroment that is friendly to experimentation with these new technologies
and the ways of urban living they will enable, will become a natural
incubator for an entire new generation of technology companies. The Internet
of Things is going to be invented in cities ­ which possess the most complex
ecosystems of things, people and places - but the question of which cities
is still a very much open matter.

The problem arises however, in that most of the proposals being put forth
today for ad-support municipal networks require a browser-based login. This
is where the user is identified and authenticated for tracking. While this
is a necessary function (with due attentions to the concerns voiced above),
it precludes the possibility of widespread access to the Internet for
networked objects without screens and browsers.

Therefore, in order to encourage the Internet of Things and the economic
development opportunities it presents, cities should:
€    Require franchisees to devote some minimal network resources to
networked objects for experimental purposes. The bandwidth requirements
would not be excessive, but constant connectivity without complex connection
obstacles are needed to encourage bottom-up innovation.
€    Separate the issue of VoIP handsets from the Internet of things. In the
short-term, Voice over IP handsets will be the main form of browser-less
device accessing municipal networks. However, VoIP telephony needs to be
treated separately from access for networked objects, which are an
experimental use not a commercial one.

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