We underestimate the mental capacity of birds. While I don’t recall that she 
discusses playful behavior, Jennifer Ackerman’s book The Genius of Birds gives 
many examples of bird cognition that are fascinated and unexpected. 

Great discussion. 

Deborah 

> On Jun 7, 2021, at 9:46 PM, Joseph Wallace <joew...@gmail.com> wrote:
> 
> 
> Thanks, everyone for the ongoing conversation. This is all so fascinating. 
> Corvids and parrots have been known as game-players (and tricksters) for a 
> long time, and it doesn't surprise me that gulls, already adept at a creative 
> kind of tool-using (stationery rocks to drop clams on), might also turn 
> objects into toys. But swallows did surprise me...and made me wonder what 
> other species/families might engage in play.  Warblers? Gnatcatchers? It's 
> hard for me to visualize, but that doesn't mean it can't happen. 
> 
> Thanks again for making such thoughts possible--Joe
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