the cb_data can be used by creating the structure with cb_data_new,
and then there are two possibilities:
- use it in a single callback function, and destroy it with a call to
  g_free.
  Example:
  - calling function:
    struct cb_data *cbd = cb_data_new(cb, data);
    if (g_at_chat_send(chat, buf, NULL, at_cgatt_cb, cbd, g_free) > 0)
        return;
    g_free(cbd);
  - called function (here at_cgatt_cb):
        static void at_cgatt_cb(gboolean ok, GAtResult *result,
                                                gpointer user_data)
        {
                struct cb_data *cbd = user_data;
                ofono_gprs_cb_t cb = cbd->cb;
                struct ofono_error error;

                decode_at_error(&error,
                                g_at_result_final_response(result));

                cb(&error, cbd->data);
        }
    note the absence of explicit g_free(cbd);

- pass it through a train of callback functions, adding a reference at
  each pass cb_data_ref, and removing it with cb_data_unref.
  the use of cb_data_ref would replace a new object creation, while the
  use of cb_data_unref the use of g_free.
  Example:
  - calling function:
        struct cb_data *cbd = cb_data_new(cb, data);
        // no cb_ref at the creation
        if (g_at_chat_send(chat, buf, NULL,
                                at_lte_set_default_attach_info_cb,
                                cbd, cb_data_unref) > 0)
                goto end;
        cb_data_unref(cbd);
  - called function 1 (at_lte_set_default_attach_info_cb):
        static void at_lte_set_default_attach_info_cb(gboolean ok,
                                GAtResult *result, gpointer user_data)
        {
                struct cb_data *cbd = user_data;

                cbd = cb_data_ref(cbd);
                if (g_at_chat_send(chat, buf, NULL,
                                at_cgatt_cb, cbd, cb_data_unref) > 0)
                        return;
                cb_data_unref(cbd);
        }
  - called function 2 (at_cgatt_cb):
    like above. no call to g_free or cb_data_unref. The terminal function
    doesn't need to know about the reference scheme.
---
 drivers/atmodem/atutil.h | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 24 insertions(+)

diff --git a/drivers/atmodem/atutil.h b/drivers/atmodem/atutil.h
index f1389a94..190ee17f 100644
--- a/drivers/atmodem/atutil.h
+++ b/drivers/atmodem/atutil.h
@@ -114,12 +114,36 @@ static inline struct cb_data *cb_data_new(void *cb, void 
*data)
        struct cb_data *ret;
 
        ret = g_new0(struct cb_data, 1);
+       ret->ref_count = 1;
        ret->cb = cb;
        ret->data = data;
 
        return ret;
 }
 
+static inline struct cb_data *cb_data_ref(struct cb_data *cbd)
+{
+       if (cbd == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+
+       g_atomic_int_inc(&cbd->ref_count);
+
+       return cbd;
+}
+
+static inline void cb_data_unref(struct cb_data *cbd)
+{
+       gboolean is_zero;
+
+       if (cbd == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       is_zero = g_atomic_int_dec_and_test(&cbd->ref_count);
+
+       if (is_zero == TRUE)
+               g_free(cbd);
+}
+
 static inline int at_util_convert_signal_strength(int strength)
 {
        int result;
-- 
2.17.1

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