You can read about this here:

http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/FXTF/rawfile/tip/compositing/index.html#blending

Read part '5. Blending' until '5.1 Separable blend modes'.
It is not that much.

To summarize what is said in that part:

1. 'Compositing' is 'blending' followed by some of the
Porter-Duff operations. By 'blending' they  mean mixing colors
and ignoring alpha values.

2. There are different functions that can be applied in the
 'blending' step, listed in part 5.1 Separable blend modes.
It is those that need non-premultiplied color values.

I made this image for the final formula in part 5, to make
it easier to see things:

http://postimage.org/image/mknubjpdn/
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