On Thu, Nov 13, 2008 at 3:15 PM, Ralf Hemmecke wrote:
>... it would make me happier if you could at least say whether you
> think my view is mathematically valid or not.
>

Yes, I do think that your view is mathematically valid.

> I don't say that one *needs* universal algebra, but I find that
> mathematical concept rather illuminating to understand the relation
> between domains and mathematics. UA (or rather multi-sorted algebras
> with a distinguished carrier set) is the closest mathematical concept
> (for me) that matches the "domain" concept in Aldor.
>

It think that it is "ok" as far as it goes, but I believe that it does
not go far enough. It is clear that many of the ideas in Axiom were
motivated by the concept of Abstract Data Type (ADT) that was popular
at the time of the development of Axiom's first incarnation as
ScratchPad II. I think the following paper by Jean Baillie presents
that "state of the art" as it existed at that time very well:

http://homepages.feis.herts.ac.uk/~comqejb/algspec/pr.html

Although he is publishing as a computer scientist, Baillie presents in
some detail a method for describing ADTs as many-sorted universal
algebras.

BTW, I think you can see one of the legacies of this "algebraic"
orientation in Axiom (and even in Aldor): the signatures of operations
are defined with an "arity", i.e. as functions that take multiple
arguments and return a single value. Since Axiom and Aldor contain
several "product" types (e.g. Cross, Tuple, Record, etc.) strictly
speaking this is not necessary and leads to a some awkwardness (for
example, so called courtesy coercions in Aldor).

But my point is that the implementation of these algebraic concepts in
Axiom did not get much past chapter 2 (
http://homepages.feis.herts.ac.uk/~comqejb/algspec/node3.html ).

> A mathematical category does not fit. Don't you agree?
>

No I do not agree. The (mathematical) concept of cartesian closed
categories and topoi provide tools for describing both the programming
language and data structures of Axiom/Aldor.

> Since you don't agree with my UA view, what is your closest mathematical
> thing to an Aldor domain?
>

An Aldor domain is an object in the category (a topos) consisting of
all Aldor domains and operations (functions). A similar view has also
been advocated by Haskell programmers.

http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/Category_theory

I believe that by taking such a view it is possible to explain how
domains are used now in Axiom/Aldor and also to suggest improvements
to the language that will make it more flexible and expressive.

Regards,
Bill Page.

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