I hate replying to my own emails, but I've found the issue. It is not really a
bug in OCSPd: My B.pem file contained the PEM encoded certificate for B as
well as the PEM encoded certificate for A. OCSPd obviously chose to use A as
the CA for both entries. 
My advise is that OCSPd should print a warning to syslog if there is more
than one certificate in the file pointed to by ca_url, to prevent others from
making the same error as I did.

> Hello!
> 
> I am in the process of setting up an OCSP responder for my PKI and
> sadly, I am having some trouble.
> 
> The simplified PKI looks like this: I have a CA A that issued the
> certificate for CA B. Both CA A and CA B issue user certificates.
> 
> No matter how I configure OCSPd, it works with CA A (responding with
> good/revoked on requests), but it does not work with CA B (always
> responding with "unknown", logging "request for non reckognized CA").
> 
> I have tried the following setups:
> 
> [ ocspd ]
> default_ocspd = default_ca
> 
> [ default_ca ]
> db = /etc/ocspd/index.txt
> md = sha1
> ca_certificate = A.pem
> 
> [ dbms_file ]
> 0.ca = @ca_A
> 1.ca = @ca_B
> 
> [ ca_A ]
> crl_url = file://A-crl.pem
> ca_url = file://A.pem
> 
> [ ca_B ]
> crl_url = file://B-crl.pem
> ca_url = file://B.pem
> 
> -------------------------------
> 
> [ ocspd ]
> default_ocspd = default_ca
> 
> [ default_ca ]
> db = /etc/ocspd/index.txt
> md = sha1
> ca_certificate = B.pem
> 
> [ dbms_file ]
> 0.ca = @ca_B
> 
> [ ca_B ]
> crl_url = file://B-crl.pem
> ca_url = file://B.pem
> 
> ------------------------------
> 
> [ ocspd ]
> default_ocspd = default_ca
> 
> [ default_ca ]
> db = /etc/ocspd/index.txt
> md = sha1
> ca_certificate = A.pem
> 
> [ dbms_file ]
> 0.ca = @ca_B
> 
> [ ca_B ]
> crl_url = file://B-crl.pem
> ca_url = file://B.pem
> 
> I checked out the source code and it looks alright - I had a closer look
> at the ocspd_CA_ENTRY_find function in hash_db.c, and it always failed
> at the comparision between tmp->nameHash and b->issuerNameHash. I did
> some more code diving, but I am not familiar enough with OpenSSL and
> OCSPd to find the problem.
> I could reproduce the problem with a homemade Java OCSP Client and the
> OpenSSL OCSP Client, so it seems that there is a bug in OCSPd.


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