You did indeed quote the definition from 20514 indeed. And I agree that the
implication of the standard is that you can't do things without a
formal all-encompassing top to bottom model. So I think you're right
that the standards over-state the case. (but hey, what standard doesn't?)
I was just pointing out that it's not that far over-stated though.

Grahame

> You are right, there must be some kind of rules when PDFs are exchanged 
> to ensure that they are human readable and can be trusted by the 
> receiver (I also absolutely agree with Stef here), so for example the 
> natural language used must be agreed in advance and the meaning of 
> uncommon medical notions should also be agreed (although this point 
> probably already goes in the direction of semantic interoperability).
> Anyway, with the notion "standardized EHR reference model" as used 
> within ISO 20514, I rather associate in my head a model such as the 
> openEHR reference model or EN/ISO 13606-1. Strangely the term 
> "standardized EHR reference model" is not itself defined within ISO 
> 20514, but there is a reference to the notion "EHR architecture", which 
> is defined in 20514 as "the generic structural components from which all 
> EHRs are built, defined in terms of an information model".
> So, it probably depends on how one interprets the notion "standardized 
> EHR reference model" => if it is interpreted as "some kind of - maybe 
> also informal - rules between sender and receiver" than I think it is 
> required for functional interoperability. If it is interpreted as a 
> model such as the openEHR reference model or EN/ISO 13606-1, then I 
> would say it supports a "higher level of functional interoperability" 
> but is not actually required for achieving basic functional interop.
> 
>> Then there's the question of interoperability. Generally what you 
>> describe
>> is *integration* not interoperability. Picking these two apart is a 
>> fun game,
>> but generally inteoperability is more about plug-n-play where as 
>> integration
>> is about two systems made to work together. As you move your example 
>> from two
>> to many systems, you'll be increasingly moving towards a standardised EHR
>> reference model.
> 
> In my question I actually referred to the definition of "functional 
> interoperability" as is given in ISO 20514.
> 
> Cheers, Georg
> 

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