> In the past I thought that su and sudo are equivalent
> regarding the executed command. This seems to be not
> the case.
> 
> I experienced the following weired situation:
> 
> I logged in as a "normal" user.
> I typed: sudo bootadm ........
> now I was prompted for a password. I entered the root
> password which was somehow rejected ("Sorry, try
> again").

sudo expect you to give the users password (as do pfexec which is the prefered 
way to do RBAC in (Open)Solaris). Assuming the user have the required 
credentials then the command is executed.

> On the other side if I type:
> sudo 
> <password>
> bootadm....
> 
> then everything works fine.

I suppose you mean su here. The su (switch user) command switches your user id 
to some other user (default root) and accepts the password of the user to 
become (or the root password).

> So why is there a difference between "su" and
> "sudo"?

They are not meant to do the same.

Advice: Read up on Solaris RBAC nad pfexec  which is much more sophisticated 
than sudo.
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