http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1167467682469&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull

Background: If Israel had tactical nukes, would it use them against Iran?
By YAAKOV KATZ

A nuclear weapon has not been used since 1945, when the US Armed Forces 
dropped two such bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 
during World War II. Now, according to London's Sunday Times, Israel is 
preparing for its own Hiroshima and has drawn up plans to not only 
introduce the weapon of mass destruction into the Middle East but even 
use it against Iran.

The newspaper report, improbable as it might sound, should not be 
immediately dismissed. While Israel is publicly rooting for diplomatic 
efforts to stop Iran's nuclear program, there is no doubt that the IDF - 
and particularly the Air Force - are preparing for the possibility that 
Israel might decide to launch a military strike against the Islamic 
Republic's nuclear facilities.

But would Israel use tactical nuclear weapons - if it had them - to do 
so? According to foreign reports, Israel has a large arsenal of nuclear 
weapons and according to the Sunday Times report, has been training with 
low-yield warheads that are just large enough to cause the necessary 
destruction at Iran's nuclear facilities, but also just small enough to 
contain the blast and prevent major collateral damage and fallout.

While it would be difficult to completely destroy all of Iran's several 
dozen nuclear facilities, senior officials and IAF officers believe that 
a successful strike on a number of key elements of the nuclear program - 
such as the uranium enrichment center in Natanz, the heavy water 
facility at Arak and the Isfahan nuclear technology center - would be 
enough to stop the country's race for nuclear power.

Assuming strikes on these facilities would suffice in at least 
temporarily stopping Iran's atomic race, there are still many hurdles 
along the way, some of which could potentially be passed by using 
tactical nuclear weapons.

The Sunday Times report is not the first to raise the "tactical nuclear" 
possibility. Last April, Seymour M. Hersh wrote in the New Yorker 
magazine that the United States was considering using bunker-buster 
bombs tipped with nuclear warheads to strike at Iran's nuclear facilities.

If Israel decided to attack Iran, in addition to the difficulty in 
flying directly to the country and neutralizing its air defenses, the 
IAF would also have to succeed in penetrating bunkers at the nuclear 
facilities - some known to be dozens of feet below ground and reinforced 
by concrete and steel.

According to Israeli officials, while an air strike on Iran could be 
successful, the IAF would need exact intelligence on each target and on 
the type of bunker, its depth, and what type of reinforcements it 
featured. Those pieces of information are crucial for choosing the type 
and number of bombs the IAF would need to drop.
This is where tactical nuclear weapons could conceivably come in.

While bunker buster bombs would still be needed, the powerful blast of a 
low-yield nuke could do the trick in further penetrating and destroying 
the underground facility. If Israel indeed has nuclear weapons and the 
ability to manufacture low-yield warheads, as the Sunday Times report 
claims, this option would definitely be under consideration.

While the use of nuclear weapons might be tempting - due to their 
strength - there is a downside that could in the end tilt the scales in 
the direction of conventional weapons. While Israel is suspected of 
possessing nuclear weapons, the official Israeli policy has for years 
been not to be the first country in the Middle East to introduce nuclear 
weapons into the region. In addition, Israel would be reluctant to use a 
WMD that could set off a regional war.

If, however, Iran is Israel's greatest existential threat ever, as Prime 
Minister Ehud Olmert claims it is, then even the hitherto unthinkable 
might be considered - even tactical nukes - when it comes to Israel's 
survival.

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