A huge mass of electrically-charged particles thrown out by a
gigantic eruption on the Sun is due to strike the Earth tonight.
Scientists expect it to trigger one of the most violent
geomagnetic storms ever recorded.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-200952/power-cuts-threat-sun-storm-h
its-earth.html#ixzz1VTThDpk0
Power cuts threat as sun storm hits earth
Sun spots: charged particles
head for earth
A huge mass of electrically-charged particles thrown out by a gigantic
eruption on the Sun is due to strike the Earth tonight.
Scientists expect it to trigger one of the most violent geomagnetic storms
ever recorded.
The result could be widespread power surges and even blackouts, disrupted TV
and mobile phone signals, and broken down communication satellites.
At the same time the Northern Lights, normally confined to polar latitudes,
may produce dazzling displays in the skies above southern Britain.
At least one satellite has already been knocked out of action by the storm.
Japan's space agency said its Kodama communications satellite had been
temporarily shut down after malfunctioning.
The solar flare that caused the eruption burst out of a sunspot at 10.54am
yesterday.
Experts said it was the strongest flare seen in the past 30 years. The
explosion caused a coronal mass ejection (CME) which is now speeding towards
Earth.
Disruption
Last week another CME only hit the Earth a glancing blow, yet was able to
disrupt airline communications.
The solar flare was classified as an X18-category explosion, meaning it can
trigger planet-wide radio blackouts and long-lasting radiation storms.
Although the charged particles present no direct danger to people on the
ground, they could have a devastating effect on electrical equipment.
Geomagnetic storms are classified on a scale of one to five. Initial
indications are that the looming storm could reach the highest G5 level and
last for 24 hours.
Northern Lights
The most obvious manifestation of the storm is likely to be glorious auroras
lighting up the night sky.
Usually the Northern Lights, or aurora borealis, is only visible in Britain
from northern Scotland. The Earth's magnetic field channels the solar
particles that cause auroras towards the poles.
But experts say that over the next two days the Northern Lights may be seen
at latitudes as low as Florida and Texas - and even south enough to cover
the whole of Europe.
Power companies prepare as solar storms set to hit Earth
http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/08/06/us-utilities-noaa-solarstorms-idUS
TRE7746UA20110806
Power companies prepare as solar storms set to hit Earth
.
NEW YORK (Reuters) - Three large explosions from the Sun over the past few
days have prompted U.S. government scientists to caution users of satellite,
telecommunications and electric equipment to prepare for possible
disruptions over the next few days.
"The magnetic storm that is soon to develop probably will be in the moderate
to strong level," said Joseph Kunches, a space weather scientist at the
Space Weather Prediction Center, a division of the U.S. National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
He said solar storms this week could affect communications and global
positioning system (GPS) satellites and might even produce an aurora visible
as far south as Minnesota and Wisconsin.
An aurora, called aurora borealis or the northern lights in northern
latitudes, is a natural light display in the sky in the Arctic and Antarctic
regions caused by the collision of energetic charged particles with atoms in
the high altitude atmosphere.
Major disruptions from solar activity are rare but have had serious impacts
in the past.
In 1989, a solar storm took down the power grid in Quebec, Canada, leaving
about six million people without power for several hours.
The largest solar storm ever recorded was in 1859 when communications
infrastructure was limited to telegraphs.
The 1859 solar storm hit telegraph offices around the world and caused a
giant aurora visible as far south as the Caribbean Islands.
Some telegraph operators reported electric shocks. Papers caught fire. And
many telegraph systems continued to send and receive signals even after
operators disconnected batteries, NOAA said on its website.
A storm of similar magnitude today could cause up to $2 trillion in damage
globally, according to a 2008 report by the National Research Council.
"I don't think this week's solar storms will be anywhere near that. This
will be a two or three out of five on the NOAA Space Weather Scale," said
Kunches.
SOLAR SCALE
The NOAA Space Weather Scale measures the intensity of a solar storm from
one being the lowest intensity to five being the highest, similar to scales
that measure the severity of hurricanes, tornadoes and earthquakes.
The first of the three solar explosions from the sun this week already
passed the Earth on Thursday with little impact, Kunches said, noting, the
second was passing the Earth now and "seems to be stronger."
And the third, he said, "We'll have to see what happens over the next few
days. It could exacerbate the disturbance in the Earth's magnetic field
caused by the second (storm) or do nothing at all."
Power grid managers receive alerts from the Space Weather Prediction Center
to tell them to prepare for solar events, which peak about every 12 years,
Tom Bogdan, director of the center said.
He said the next peak, called a solar maximum, was expected in 2013.
"We're coming up to the next solar maximum, so we expect to see more of
these storms coming from the sun over the next three to five years," Bogdan
said.
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