I'm trying to figure out why ossec is sometimes not emailing triggered 
31122 alerts.

Here's a log entry in ossec's alerts log file:

** Alert 1554150564.41683927: mail  - web,accesslog,system_error,
> 2019 Apr 01 20:29:24 us-web->/log/jetty/2019_04_01.request.log
> Rule: 31122 (level 5) -> 'Web server 500 error code (Internal Error).'
> Src IP: 1.2.3.4
> 1.2.3.4 username - [01/Apr/2019:20:29:24 +0000] "POST /update.rest 
> HTTP/1.1" 500 12369  23
>

However, here are two consecutive log entries in ossec.log:

2019/04/01 20:03:43 INFO: Connected to 127.0.0.1 at address 127.0.0.1, port 
> 25
> 2019/04/01 21:00:06 INFO: Connected to 127.0.0.1 at address 127.0.0.1, 
> port 25
>

 this mirrors the mail log entries (Postfix is running just for ossec):

Apr  1 20:03:43 us-web postfix/qmgr[4488]: 4438D801A5: removed
> Apr  1 21:00:06 us-web postfix/smtpd[127085]: connect from 
> localhost[127.0.0.1]
>

I double checked and the details for rule 31122 look correct:

  <rule id="31122" level="5">
>     <if_sid>31120</if_sid>
>     <id>^500</id>
>     <options>alert_by_email</options>
>     <description>Web server 500 error code (Internal Error).</description>
>     <group>system_error,</group>
>   </rule>
>

Any idea what could be going on here?  I see a <defunct> for the 
ossec-maild child process:

ossecm     4957  0.0  0.0  16552  2156 ?        S    Apr06   0:04 
> /var/ossec/bin/ossec-maild
> ossec      4965  0.2  0.0  23176  3552 ?        S    Apr06   7:42 
> /var/ossec/bin/ossec-analysisd
> root       4969  0.0  0.0   6652   584 ?        S    Apr06   2:25 
> /var/ossec/bin/ossec-logcollector
> root       4981  0.0  0.0   7708  1924 ?        S    Apr06   1:29 
> /var/ossec/bin/ossec-syscheckd
> ossec      4986  0.0  0.0  15164   692 ?        S    Apr06   0:00 
> /var/ossec/bin/ossec-monitord
> ossecm    72611  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        Z    17:02   0:00 
> [ossec-maild] <defunct>
>

but from what I can tell when I've ran ossec-maild -ddd -f, showing defunct 
on the child process is normal -- it will eventually end and a new one will 
be created the next time an alert needs to be delivered.  Communication to 
postfix seems to be working fine.  There are no errors in either the mail 
log or ossec's logs.

Version info:

> dpkg -s ossec
> dpkg-query: package 'ossec' is not installed and no information is 
> available
> Use dpkg --info (= dpkg-deb --info) to examine archive files,
> and dpkg --contents (= dpkg-deb --contents) to list their contents.
> root@us-web:/var/ossec/bin# dpkg -s ossec-hids-server
> Package: ossec-hids-server
> Status: hold ok installed
> Priority: extra
> Section: admin
> Installed-Size: 4516
> Maintainer: Atomicorp <[email protected]>
> Architecture: amd64
> Version: 2.9.4-5177trusty
> Depends: libc6 (>= 2.15), libgeoip1, libmysqlclient18 (>= 5.5.24+dfsg-1), 
> libssl1.0.0 (>= 1.0.1), expect, debconf
> Conflicts: ossec-hids-agent
> Conffiles:
>  /var/ossec/etc/ossec.conf 45e1b4a4e4c9b62fdf4c8788e2579984
> Description: OSSEC Server - Host Based Intrusion Detection System
>  OSSEC HIDS for log analysis, integrity checking, rootkits detection and
>  active response. This package includes the server
> Homepage: http://www.ossec.net
>
>

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