Wow, what a responce, thank you all for your input!

To make it a bit clear how "fast" the readings should be I will explain
some bits.
Our engine is a diesel but we "homebrew" some electronics so we can
control common rail injectors instead of ordinairy mechanical ones.
The injectors uses 80v. 35a. to "unlock" and 12v. 12a. for the real
spraying so there will be some interference so shielding has to be done.
The engine is build for full power only, so on the startline it will be
throthled up to 6000rpm and 80% (5bar) turbo pressure (wich can take up to
30 seconds) before the clutch will be released and in the following 6
seconds full throthle will be given and "hell brakes loose". :-)
(b.t.w. in a diesel puller the engine is "overfed" with diesel so it's
very very rich so using a lambda probe isn't really usefull, the reason
for this is that thick black smoke is a lot "heavyer" than normal exhaust
fumes therefore containing more energy so we can use a bigger (read
oversized) turbo wheel, example:
http://www.japie.deserver.nl/ftp/Hans_Boxler.wmv)

Data logging has 2 objectives, first is to find out why and where
something went terrebly wrong, second goal is to show us why the engine
was running so much bether one match than the other.
For the "something went terrebly wrong" part we need accurate and fast
timings.
temp. readings and humidity are for engine adjustements so 500ms. will do,
pressure readings for turbo boost and oil can contain info about a engine
crash so 100ms. at least.
As for rpm readings it's problematic, if the engine is running 10.000rpm
the camshaft is doing 5000 so the "slowest" pulse I can get of it is 90
times per second, but I would like to know both the speed of the
crankshaft as the camshaft because after a blow-up it would be nice to now
if the engine was damaged because the cambelt broke or that the cambelt
broke because of the damage...

In the project I want to read the owfs with rrdtool and writing the rrd-db
to an usb-stick.
This stick can be copied after a run for later use.
I'am planning on using the ASUS WL-HDD2.5 with openwrt/owfs/rrdtool, only
donwfall is that it has only one usb port so a hub is needed. (on the
other hand thats positive since I have all the hubs ports for 1wire so I
can use a single one for the fast timings of the crankshaft one for the
camshaft and another for temp. and pressure readings.) On openwrt I like
to place a webpage with rrd-images of the run so we can read-out the
values via wlan right after a run (or crash).

As for the sensors, DS2423 sounds great using a sample rate of 50ms. I
could use both crank and cam on one wire.
Are there any shematics around on how to hook it up to an magnetical or
optical pulse signal?
The DS2450 should be great for temp and pressure, every automotive sensor
gives 0-12v. so I could make a smal device converting 0-12 to 0-5 wich can
be used for every sensor.
As for humidity is there something usable available for that (since it's
placed inside the inlet channel wich is under 7bar pressure) or should
that be homebrew also?
And does anyone of you guys know some great documentation on how to hookup
and setup a 1wire system? (owfs itself is well documented as is openwrt)

-- 
Groetjes Japie


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