What do I know? Well I have found that around this topic, in which, as with capitalism, we are all complicit, there is a lot of value in moving towards a definition of love as 'seeking the flourishing of the other', i.e. widening what might be expected of nurturance, and parallel, paying attention to the insidious prevalence of domination both interpersonally and culturally.
Dominance may have archetypal roots in our place in the food chain but isn't it independent of gender? And, as it seems to me and the psychohistorians, as early years child care has become more shared and better resourced and better understood, new, less bully-ridden social and interpersonal form of relating may be emerging and along with it an intolerance of our archaic male dominated politics. Tricky times.
Denis On 25/07/2017 09:33, Michel Bauwens wrote:
thank you Anna, perhaps we can formulate it the following waywe both reject relations of domination and extraction towards people and nature,and the question is, if we want to remove them substantially, or totally, what the causes are ? obviously where we locate them is importantso if we look at the relations of domination over nature, then by and large, I don't think there is any question that indigenous en non-modern peoples lived dramatically lighter on the planet, and related to non-human nature in ways that reflected the recognized inter-dependence of humanity with the totality of beings and thingsif we look at the relations with people, then it seems clear that human-gathering societies were vastly more egalitarian in nature, but, there was actually more violence with people 'outside' the community; however, there were also tribal societies that were very violent internally (think about the vikings). Once class-society set in however, then the violence became structural , institutional, structured as formal domination and extraction.And with capitalism, the relationship with nature became vastly extractive and destructive; the structural social relationships changed into new forms of exploitation, and vast social movements counter-balanced the domination and extraction.So what does it mean in removing them. If we remove capitalism, we remove a vast amount of structural extraction, exploitation and violence; but if we revert or transform into other forms of class society, we will still have other forms of structural exploitation; If we remove 'class society' altogether, we'll have removed much more. What then remains is "culture". How can we avoid the cultural determinants of intersubjective violence ?Obviously, we can learn a lot form indigenous practices, but re-instating the forms of violence practiced in those cultures is not something that would be useful.My view is that we are hybrid beings, that both genders and no/trans-genders are mixes, and that we need structures and cultures that bring the best out of us, and most importantly capacities to manage conflicts with no or minimal amounts of violence.Both agression and non-agression are potentials in all of us, how we express is very largely determined by our societies.One approach I would find very promising is that of the prosocial movement of david sloan wilson for example, which looks at the traits of 'high-pro' individuals , and how to socially promote them, inspire 'mid-pro' individuals to emulate them, and to limit the expressions of low-pro behaviours.We don't need hierarchy to 'repress' the potential agression, but a supportive culture and social structure,MichelOn Tue, Jul 25, 2017 at 2:58 PM, Anna Harris <[email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>> wrote:Dear Michel, Rereading your emails, there seem to be two conflicting themes. The evidence you quote about decreasing levels of violence in our 'civilised' societies, seems to indicate the need to restrain natural male aggression, supporting Ranjani's point, which I have questioned. In our 'civilised' society, in my view, all our relationships have elements of 'power over', reflecting the hierarchical and class divisions you mention. We know that power over relationships naturally engender aggression because they threaten the autonomy and freedom of the individual, both the one with power and the one subjugated, and thus necessitate repressive measures to avoid conflict. Entering post civilisation processes then, (as I understand that term without I confess having read the book) insofar as they develop a more egalitarian society, can in my view, resolve the cause of aggression and the need for repressive measures - (here is the importance of quoting the example of small band hunter gatherer societies as being more egalitarian and less aggressive) However, if men are aggressive by nature, those repressive measures will still be needed, which reinstates hierarchy, and we are back to square one. Anna On 24 Jul 2017, at 15:45, Anna Harris <[email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>> wrote:Dear Michel, We have had this discussion before, and you have failed to convince me. My reading seems to have taken me in the opposite direction, coming across many who see prehistory, and some still existing people, eg aborigines, as a time when people lived harmoniously with each other and environment. 'Australian aboriginal people have lived in harmony with the earth for perhaps as long as 100,000 years; in their words, since the First Day. In this absorbing work, Lawlor explores the essence of their culture as a source of and guide to transforming our own world view. While not romanticizing the past or suggesting a return to the life of the hunter/gatherer, /Voices of the First Day/ enables us to enter into the mentality of the oldest continuous culture on earth and gain insight into our own relationship with the earth and to each other. This book offers an opportunity to suspend our values, prejudices, and Eurocentrism and step into the Dreaming to discover: • A people who rejected agriculture, architecture, writing, clothing, and the subjugation of animals • A lifestyle of hunting and gathering that provided abundant food of unsurpassed nutritional value • Initiatic and ritual practices that hold the origins of all esoteric, yogic, magical, and shamanistic traditions • A sexual and emotional life that afforded diversity and fluidity as well as marital and social stability • A people who valued kinship, community, and the law of the Dreamtime as their greatest "possessions." • Language whose richness of structure and vocabulary reveals new worlds of perception and comprehension. • A people balanced between the Dreaming and the perceivable world, in harmony with all species and living each day as the First Day.' Anna On 24 Jul 2017, at 14:19, Michel Bauwens <[email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>> wrote:dear Anna, if you read anthropological accounts of Amazonian native tribes, such as in the books of Pierre Clastre (societies against the state), and others, then it seems that warfare was endemic, he even describes it as 'their favourite passtime'; at the same time, it was more 'sporadic' , since nomadic tribes can move and thus avoid protacted conflict. This is in 'our times', so you could argue that it was different 'in the past'. The evidence does not support it. I had to revise my romantic notions that prehistory was less violent. That evidence was not yet available in the books I used to read in my youth. Here is the study showing violence has percentually decreased since prehistoric times: here is the key passage: "I have collected data on violent deaths; the long list of sources can be found below. These data show that in prehistoric times (archeological evidence) and in non-state societies (ethnographic evidence) the levels of violence was much higher than in modern state societies and in the world today." from https://ourworldindata.org/ethnographic-and-archaeological-evidence-on-violent-deaths/ <https://ourworldindata.org/ethnographic-and-archaeological-evidence-on-violent-deaths/> the study (of studies) summarized: "The proportion of human deaths phylogenetically predicted to be caused by interpersonal violence stood at 2%. This value was similar to the one phylogenetically inferred for the evolutionary ancestor of primates and apes, indicating that a certain level of lethal violence arises owing to our position within the phylogeny of mammals. It was also similar to the percentage seen in prehistoric bands and tribes, indicating that we were as lethally violent then as common mammalian evolutionary history would predict. However, the level of lethal violence has changed through human history and can be associated with changes in the socio-political organization of human populations. Our study provides a detailed phylogenetic and historical context against which to compare levels of lethal violence observed throughout our history." http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v538/n7624/full/nature19758.html <http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v538/n7624/full/nature19758.html> On Mon, Jul 24, 2017 at 8:03 PM, Anna Harris <[email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>> wrote: Thank you Michel. Actually I was just questioning whether aggression and violence are a /*natural*/ tendency in males, which has to be supressed. As Rajani says: "They managed to restrain male destructive drives – which are the scourge of all living things - within the prison of affective, kin relations to the extent humanly possible:" And unlike you I do not see aggression and nurturing as polarities in each of us. The evidence of prehistory as I have been reading would seem to suggest that for many hundreds of thousands of years groups of small band hunter gatherers lived harmoniously without need for interfighting. See my article : http://sublimemagazine.com/healthy-birth-healthy-earth <http://sublimemagazine.com/healthy-birth-healthy-earth> Anna On 24 Jul 2017, at 10:10, Michel Bauwens <[email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>> wrote:Thanks for this reaction Anna, I agree about agression and nurturing to be polarities in each of us, which may then be culturally re-inforced and fixated in all kinds of ways by cultures and societies, But patriarchy predates EM by thousands of years, and gendering predates patriarchy by tens of thousands if not more. It is easy to forget that even in tribal societies, with very strong nurturing, and this could be true even for matriarchal societies (who engaged in hunt and had to defend themselves), that male initiation was especially geared towards de-sensitizing males and habituating them to violence. A meta-study last year was pretty unequivocal: the amount of human to human violence has dramatically decreased over time. Civilizational and nation-state based wars can have a terrible cost, but overall, the percentages are dramatically lower than in most tribal societies (anthropologists and others have counted skeletons and how they died, i.e. percentage of signs of violence vs illnesses etc..) Ironically, though the balance and positions between males and females have varied over time, I think only EM derivatives have allowed the flexibility you describe. The question is: can this be married with a return to nurturing ? To the degree that we can enter post-civilisational processes (see A. Chandler for a definition of civilization that is specifically linked to class based societies, the need for internal repression, and thus , the need to de-sensitize and make nurturing more difficult), we can develop renewed nurturing practices. I see a lot of evidence of this around me, and more specifically, in EM derived cultures, while where I live hear in East Asia, maybe because of earlier forms of EM influences, the evolution may go in the other direction (a lot of east-asian women in the middle classes do not want to nourish their children directly because of aesthetic reasons for example, and the men have to work harder and are less at home). The movement for labor, gender, race and civic rights, to the degree they are protests against hierarchical and class divisions, are post-civilisational and create the basis for renewed emphasis on nurturing. (see how maternal and paternal leave allows parents to spend more time with their children) Michel <<Message: 1 Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2017 08:41:24 +0100 From: Anna Harris <[email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>> To: P2P Foundation mailing list <[email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>>, [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]> Subject: Re: [P2P-F] Fwd: What do I Know? Message-ID: <[email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" Dear Rajani, In this long rant there are nuggets of truth which shine, but I have a quibble with one particular statement which is fundamental to your approach, - that men are naturally aggressive and violent. "I also know that men and women are profoundly, and naturally, dissimilar. By instinct, men are aggressive and violent, and women are nurturing". Our definition of what is masculine and what is feminine has been defined for us by our culture which, as you have demonstrated, has been contaminated with EM values. These definitions are being questioned now by people who don't fit in to these gender categories, who are demanding at an increasingly younger age, to be seen as non binary. Those of us who grew up with these definitions may be becoming more fully aware of our own discomfort at being thrust into one or other of these gender categories. Progressives have got so far as to allow that masculine and feminine energies exist in both men and women. But it seems a bridge too far to question the very definition of masculine and feminine as culturally dictated. While this may seem peripheral to your whole thesis, I view it as a radical challenge to the foundations of patriarchal culture which rests on the primary division between male and female. (Unfortunately this has currently been taken over by big pharma, since it paves the way for drug dependency from an early age, and has actually created more confusion about having to decide to be one or the other.) Nevertheless the basic categories are being questioned and fatally blurred, so that being yourself is what really matters. This is a really positive step towards your kin based affective society, where kin is seen as including all beings. Anna-- Check out the Commons Transition Plan here at:http://commonstransition.org P2P Foundation: http://p2pfoundation.net - http://blog.p2pfoundation.net Updates: http://twitter.com/mbauwens; http://www.facebook.com/mbauwens <http://www.facebook.com/mbauwens> #82 on the (En)Rich list: http://enrichlist.org/the-complete-list/ <http://enrichlist.org/the-complete-list/>-- Check out the Commons Transition Plan here at:http://commonstransition.org P2P Foundation: http://p2pfoundation.net - http://blog.p2pfoundation.net Updates: http://twitter.com/mbauwens; http://www.facebook.com/mbauwens <http://www.facebook.com/mbauwens> #82 on the (En)Rich list: http://enrichlist.org/the-complete-list/ <http://enrichlist.org/the-complete-list/>--Check out the Commons Transition Plan here at: http://commonstransition.orgP2P Foundation: http://p2pfoundation.net - http://blog.p2pfoundation.net Updates: http://twitter.com/mbauwens; http://www.facebook.com/mbauwens #82 on the (En)Rich list: http://enrichlist.org/the-complete-list/ _______________________________________________ P2P Foundation - Mailing list Blog - http://www.blog.p2pfoundation.net Wiki - http://www.p2pfoundation.net Show some love and help us maintain and update our knowledge commons by making a donation. 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