it seems that the espeak.pd_linux is not linked at all against the
libespeak library.
Ha, good catch!
As a side note for other people:
By default, ld doesn't complain about missing symbols during linkage
when building a shared library, instead you get an error at load time
(which is what has happened here). You would have to pass
"-Wl,--no-undefined" to get the error already at link time. However, you
can't really do that with Pd externals, because they don't actually link
back to Pd (instead they rely on "-export-dynamic" to get the symbols
from the host executable itself) and "-Wl,--no-undefined" would give you
errors for all Pd symbols.
On Windows, however, the linker always tries to resolve all symbols,
generally by using so called import libraries (although MinGW can also
directly link against DLLs). If a symbol is not found, you get a linker
error. That's also why on Windows we need a pd.dll + pd.lib, otherwise
externals wouldn't have anything they can actually link back to.
Christof
On 13.03.2021 23:04, IOhannes m zmölnig wrote:
On 3/13/21 10:45 PM, Christof Ressi wrote:
So the actual problem is that Pd can't find the 'espeak' library at
runtime. You obviously have it installed, at least gcc can find the
header files during compilation.
the *actual* problem is, that one (or more) symbol(s) that are
supposed to be provided by the libespeak library cannot be resolved.
there's no error indicating that any library cannot be found at runtime.
i just checked the project and after a successfull compilation, it
seems that the espeak.pd_linux is not linked at all against the
libespeak library.
this basically indicates a broken build system.
whenever you happen to meet the author of the makefile, please deliver
a good slapping from my side.
what is going wrong here, is that modern linkers try aggressively to
remove unneeded dependencies. and because libespeak is added to the
linker when nothing yet uses any of its symbols, it is discarded.
putting the linker-flags to pull in the libraries after the
object-files that require these libraries, fixes the problem:
```
$ git diff Makefile
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index b3528b2..cd5b0ce 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ TARGETS=$(SOURCES:.c=.$(EXTENSION))
pd_linux: $(TARGETS)
LINUXCFLAGS = -DPD -O2 -funroll-loops -fomit-frame-pointer -fPIC \
- -Wall -W -Wshadow -Wstrict-prototypes -Werror \
+ -Wall -W -Wshadow -Wstrict-prototypes \
-Wno-unused -Wno-parentheses -Wno-switch
LINUXLDFLAGS = -export-dynamic -shared -lc -lm -lespeak
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ LINUXLDFLAGS = -export-dynamic -shared -lc -lm
-lespeak
LINUXINCLUDE = -I$(PDSRCDIR)
%.pd_linux: %.c
- $(CC) $(LINUXLDFLAGS) $(LINUXCFLAGS) $(LINUXINCLUDE) -o
$*.pd_linux $*.c
+ $(CC) $(LINUXCFLAGS) $(LINUXINCLUDE) -o $*.pd_linux $*.c
$(LINUXLDFLAGS)
strip --strip-unneeded $*.pd_linux
```
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