There were many proprietary flash units, at least on American
cameras, that had hotshoes for their attachable bulb flash units in
the '40s and '50s. The Univex Mercury and Argus C4 come to mind. The
synch contact in the Mercury flash unit was raised up significantly,
though, so that a modern flash unit wouldn't fit in the shoe. It's
just as well though -- some of those hotshoes had switchable flash
synch, but only for M or F bulbs! No X synch available, unless the
camera were specifically modified.
Joe
I've never seen a non-EFU flash unit that would sync through a hotshoe.