Hey Folks,

I can't say I've been doing layout for long, but I did have a couple
comments. For the designs we send for fabrication, Gerber review is an
absolute necessity. It is very seldom that the first set of Gerbers we
generate is correct. You might argue that a "good" designer wouldn't make a
mistake at this level, but we routinely push the boundaries of what Protel
is capable of and so it becomes paramount to review the design in a WYSIWYG
viewer. In fact, to avoid reviewing things twice I basically do the entire
final layout review in a Gerber viewer. Unfortunately this results in some
small amount of time spent regenerating the files, but I find this review to
be far more effective as the layer control is way easier than Protel's.
Rather than just verifying each layer one by one, I've developed a system of
verifying the interactions between layers etc.


As for the original plane connection problem, I've never used DXP, but if it
were me I'd do the following. If subsequent regenerations of the gerber
files results in the same effects, I would copy the design to a new
directory and then start deleting parts of the layout and regenerating until
you can distill it down to the smallest part of the layout that still
exhibits the problem. If the problem is not apparent at this point, at least
there is less "stuff" to check. Once you've deleted everything, you could
consider posting the layout for others to inspect (if you've deleted enough
that IP/confidentiality concerns no longer exist). Hopefully in doing so
you/we will find whatever protel bug caused the issue so we can avoid it in
the future.

Darcy Davis
Design Engineer,
Dynastream Innovations, Inc.

-----Original Message-----
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf Of Abd ulRahman Lomax
Sent: March 21, 2005 6:47 AM
To: Protel EDA Discussion List
Subject: Re: [PEDA] HELP!! Gerber Output Contains Random Subtle
ErrorsWith Plane Connects!


At 01:02 AM 3/20/2005, Matt Polak wrote:
>         As you can clearly see, when viewing the power plane connections 
> in the layout editor, the interconnects show fine. When viewing the 
> verbatim generated Gerbers, however (RIGHT IN DXP!) there are missing 
> plane connections! The entire top set of 7 vias are not connected to ANY 
> planes, whilst the bottom row are connected just fine where appropriate. 
> I looked at the properties of all of the top-row vias, and they're just 
> fine - nothing out of the ordinary. Surprisingly most of the other vias 
> on the board (including the bottom row) connect just fine!!

This example is an object lesson in why one should always inspect the 
Gerbers. Now, it might seem that it would be difficult to detect this 
particular problem; after all, examining one layer at a time, nothing would 
be obviously out of place. But there is an old trick. If you look at all 
layers at once, it is fairly easy to detect pads and vias with no 
connection. A via with no connection is almost certainly an error. As for 
pads, I used to generate no-connect lists so I could verify every 
no-connected pad. This will catch a very large percentage of errors.

We don't yet know why this problem occurred, or at least it is not obvious 
to me. One thing I would do, and perhaps Mr. Polak has already done it, is 
to regenerate the gerbers. Are they still bad? Could the gerbers seen be 
from a prior plot run? If the problem is reproducible, I would then send 
the file to Altium. A reproducible bug should be worth its weight in 
gold.... That is, in a rational system, there should be a reward for 
finding such a bug, to the first user to report it and provide clear 
evidence. This reward should be substantial enough to cover a modest 
prototype run. Of course, with a large board with many layers, that might 
be pretty expensive....

>         Honestly, this is bringing me to an absolute last straw in 
> continuing to use Protel if we can't even be guaranteed consistent 
> WYSIWYG output. Someone PLEASE tell me we did something wrong? I'm 
> starting to lose patience with Altium's little "features" in the software.

Every CAD system of which I am aware has bugs. Yes, they can be enormously 
frustrating. However, this is one reason why a Gerber viewer is included 
with Protel. It is Gerber which is truly WYSIWIG, or at least it used to 
be: flashes and draws are phenomenally simple; if something goes awry, 
usually what the fabricator will see will be such a complete mess, or will 
at least be so obviously suspect, that the fabricator will squawk. But a 
fabricator is not likely to notice disconnected pads; a really awake 
fabricator might notice that the flash used for vias results in unconnected 
pads, which is almost certainly an error; the fabricator might even have 
software to look for this. But I wouldn't blame the fabricator here.

Plane layers are calculated layers in Protel. What is displayed is thus 
inferred, not explicit. I have long argued that positive-negative merges 
are far more reliable for plane layers than simple negative layers. I 
developed this process working as a contractor for a company with a 
$500,000 CAD system (about twenty years ago) which did not check plane 
layers for opens caused by the formation of moats around pads when blowouts 
touch. The solution was to generate the negative only as the blowouts. The 
negative layer has no connections at all, just a plane flood that is clear 
of all pads and vias. Then the connections are made with track on a 
positive layer. This is plotted over the negative, easy for the 
photoplotters. Necessarily, every connection is explicit. If you want 
spoked thermals, the extra track is added crossing the basic connecting 
track. And both clearance and connection are DRCd. (The only caveat was 
that in the simple implementations I used, if there was a split plane, the 
connecting track could cross the split thus shorting the sections. However, 
this would be easy to check for: a connecting track should not cross a 
split line; it should not even contact a split line without generating at 
least a warning.) An autorouter could easily generate the connecting track, 
respecting plane splits as keepouts.

The irony here is that Protel is quite reliably WYSIWYG, and we are thus 
lulled into a false sense of security, and so skip a careful review of the 
Gerbers. This might even seem rational; after all, if it takes an hour for 
a careful review, and only one out of a hundred designs has a problem (it 
is likely more reliable than that), Gerber review will cost 100 hours for 
every error found. That well exceeds the cost of a normal prototype.

>Frustrated as hell,
>-- Matt

If one misses a market opportunity because of the need for another turn, 
the cost of the problem could easily exceed that 100 hours. Ironically, 
again, we would be likely to be in a rush in this case, and thus more 
tempted to skip the cautious review. However, one can review the Gerbers 
after sending them, so the review need not delay the process more than a 
little, and only if an error is found.



 
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