In a message dated 2005-08-08 06:18:48 PM Eastern Daylight Time, 
[EMAIL PROTECTED] writes:


> I have a small dense board with surface mount and through hole on both
> sides.
> 
> Because it is so dense I want to add some internal layers to assist in the
> signal routing.
> 
> Is there any recommendation for the internal layers (i.e. one is a ground
> plane and the other is a signal layer).
> 
> I don't require a power plane.
> 

My experience with such boards has been a mix of digital, very low-level 
analog, and RF/microwave all on one board. The strategy that has worked best 
for 
me is to have one internal layer be a ground plane (common to all three types 
of grounds). Crosstalk effects are controlled by placement, not by separating 
the grounds - one very common ground does indeed work best in most cases. Such 
boards have always been almost completely carpeted with parts on both sides; I 
work very hard at placement to allow critical signals (and actually as many 
signals as possible) to run directly pin-to-pin on the surface, with no vias. 
That leaves that other internal layer for "long lines" (in this context, "long" 
is anything in excess of about ½"). It takes some planning to avoid needing 
to cross over traces on the long-lines layer; I have at times had to use a 
split plane to create a "trace" on the ground layer, but that's best avoided. 
Parts placement is extremely crucial to such a layout. I may spend two weeks 
getting the placement right, and do the routing in half a day.

Steve Hendrix

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