Cathy, List,

Thank you for your thoughtful reply. You said, "This is very good but I
want to call it 'modeling monism'". Perhaps we mean the same thing:
modeling monism with pluralism?

Mara Woods


On Fri, May 16, 2014 at 5:00 AM, Catherine Legg <[email protected]> wrote:

> Mara - it is interesting to think about whether the nature of the final
> opinion would be so very much more highly developed than our current
> beliefs as to be unrecognisable by us as the truth even were we 'hit over
> the head with it', so to speak.
>
> I wonder whether the pragmatic maxim might have a role to play, though, in
> anchoring both sets of beliefs in specific expectations about how the world
> will behave based on those beliefs, which will serve to make their meaning,
> well, clear. So for instance a frog understands flies in a very basic
> rudimentary way, and an entomologist in a highly sophisticated way. But
> both expect the fly to pass them by in a particular kind of trajectory.
>
>
> In a later message, you wrote:
> "Might the solution be metaphorically related to the community of
> inquirers? Just as the variability in the individual subjectivity of the
> inquirers is weeded out through by identifying these as outliers when
> comparing their views intersubjectively with others, so can the
> representative power of a singular proposition, which leaves out something
> about the dynamic object and adds something unwanted to the immediate
> object, be strengthened by the overlap in a network of representations. In
> other words: modeling pluralism."
>
> This is very good but I want to call it "modeling monism"
> :-) Cathy
>
>
> On Thu, May 15, 2014 at 5:32 AM, Mara Woods <[email protected]> wrote:
>
>> Gary, List,
>>
>> I apologize for the radio silence. I have been letting home projects take
>> my attention this week.
>>
>> Here I am merely trying to understand Peirce's view here, not suggest my
>> own. I do think that Peirce's synechism does suggest that all final beliefs
>> will be related to one another. Indeed, if we were able to look into a
>> future that happens to contain final beliefs and extract sample
>> propositions to bring back to our time, I think that we would not find much
>> use for them even though we have faith that they are true. That is because
>> we would not have the network of beliefs that the proposition represents to
>> rely on for interpretation. It gets a little messy here because the purpose
>> of defining truth, as far as Kees' book suggests, is defining what is meant
>> by asserting a proposition to be true. I'm not sure how singular
>> propositions can be true as they cannot capture the entire set of beliefs
>> required to interpret them, including the definition of some words.
>>
>> Perhaps what is meant here, by asserting the truth of a proposition, is
>> something like, "This proposition, understood in the same way I understand
>> it, would be affirmed as true by holders of final belief on the matter."?
>> Perhaps I am missing something here, or perhaps am simply too Kuhnian in my
>> thinking at the moment, but this seems problematic to me.
>>
>> Mara Woods
>>
>>
>> On Mon, May 12, 2014 at 1:31 PM, Gary Richmond 
>> <[email protected]>wrote:
>>
>>> Mara, list,
>>>
>>> Sorry that it's taken a while to get back to your stimulating first post
>>> for this chapter, Mara, but personal matters took over, and some are still
>>> with me. So, just a few interleaved comments for now, all probably needed
>>> further reflection. You wrote:
>>>
>>> MW: According to [Peirce's] view, the real is that which persists and
>>> therefore that which affords induction.  However, couldn't another
>>> interpretation be that explanation is a type of regularity-making about the
>>> dynamic, ever-changing qualities of the universe? After all, the concept of
>>> a final belief can imply a static or discrete sign attempting to represent
>>> a dynamic or continuous process.
>>>
>>> If I understand you correctly, it seems to me that what you offer as an
>>> alternative to Peirce's view of the real as persisting and so affording
>>> induction--namely, that "explanation" itself might be seen as "a type of
>>> regularity-making" about a fluid universe-- represents a version of the
>>> sort of nominalistic thinking Peirce sought to debunk since it reduces the
>>> truth of any reality to that "explanation" and so is a kind of a priorism.
>>> On the other hand, many a postmodernist does seem to hold that alternative
>>> position and, so, there are many divergent opinions, although "schools" of
>>> them.
>>>
>>> As for the concept of a final belief possibly implying a static
>>> representation of a dynamic universal process, I would say that by a "final
>>> belief" Peirce means merely a "regulative principle," the intellectual hope
>>> that, given continuity/synechism, we may come to know the truth of reality
>>> of many a thing we may inquire into.  But the approach is ever asymptotic.
>>> You concluded:
>>>
>>> MW: Also presumably, just as the object has to be independent, the
>>> community of inquirers must have empirical and/or logical access to the
>>> object, otherwise no shared belief can come out of it. Can rational conduct
>>> simply mean the opinion or definition about the isolated concept? Or does
>>> it require that the concept fit into a more general theory of how the
>>> concept is related to other concepts?
>>>
>>> Good question. Again, I would appeal to Peirce's synechism to say that
>>> any final belief that is true will be really related to other true beliefs.
>>>
>>> Best,
>>>
>>> Gary R.
>>>
>>>
>>> *Gary Richmond*
>>> *Philosophy and Critical Thinking*
>>> *Communication Studies*
>>> *LaGuardia College of the City University of New York*
>>>
>>>
>>> On Mon, May 5, 2014 at 5:48 PM, Mara Woods <[email protected]> wrote:
>>>
>>>> List,
>>>>
>>>>  Welcome to the slow read, emceed by Mara Woods and Ben Udell, of
>>>> Chapter 8, "Truth and reality" in Peirce: A Guide for the Perplexed by
>>>> Cornelis de Waal.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Let's get started with this introduction provided by Ben Udell:
>>>>
>>>> Kees begins the chapter with an excellent summary of Peirce's views on
>>>> the scope of metaphysics, its place in philosophy, its status as a science,
>>>> and its being the first science for which (philosophical) logic supplies
>>>> principles outside of logic itself.
>>>>
>>>> As Kees points out, much of his metaphysics consists in drawing
>>>> implications of logic and pragmatism for reality and the universe. In the
>>>> course of this book, metaphysics' coming after logic and, in that sense,
>>>> after epistemology, seems so natural that one needs to stop and note that
>>>> this comes as a surprise to many readers these days, any number of whom may
>>>> think that metaphysics, or at least ontology, is more basic than logic and
>>>> mathematics too, or at least is not in some common structure with those
>>>> subjects and is not in some ordering involving them. We may want to keep an
>>>> eye on these aspects of Peirce that many of his readers take for granted
>>>> but which many others do not, especially as we come to the discussion of
>>>> nominalism versus realism.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>>
>>>> Below I address some of the questions that arose from my reading of the
>>>> first sections of the chapter.
>>>>
>>>> Kees characterizes Peirce's view of metaphysics as the work that
>>>> generalizes the experiences of or engagement with the universe.  Human
>>>> intuitions and instincts about the universe developed from our species'
>>>> practical dealings with that universe in our environment. Getting a general
>>>> sense of the universe that extends beyond our species' habitual niche into
>>>> the continually-being-discovered realms by the special sciences involves
>>>> inducing generals in that universe that explain the variety perceived in
>>>> particulars. Is this introduction of logic into our conceptions of the
>>>> universe really justified here by the assumption that the universe can be
>>>> explained? Is the assumption that the universe is regular enough to afford
>>>> explanation? Or is it simply an affirmation of the power of the combination
>>>> of instinct, intuition, logic, mathematics, and phaneroscopy to create
>>>> explanatory patterns out of randomness?
>>>>
>>>> These two assumptions -- that the universe can be subject to general
>>>> explanation and that the universe consists in great variety -- seem to
>>>> foreshadow Peirce's dynamic cosmology of change and habit-taking as basic
>>>> components of the universe.
>>>>
>>>> Kees points out that the purpose of metaphysics, according to Peirce,
>>>> is to develop a general account that can form the basis of the special
>>>> sciences. Indeed, without this step, scientists rely on their own crude
>>>> metaphysics, presumably based on instinctive or intuitive notions. He
>>>> divides metaphysics into three categories: general metaphysics, or
>>>> questions regarding reality; physical metaphysics, or questions regarding
>>>> time, space, natural laws, etc.; and psychical metaphysics, or questions
>>>> regarding God and mind. Chapter 8 is devoted to the first category, also
>>>> called ontology, and addresses first the issues of truth and reality.
>>>>
>>>> According to Kees, the concept of truth is derived from the concept of
>>>> reality: a statement is true when its immediate object is real. Reality
>>>> consists in anything that is independent of what we might call interim
>>>> thoughts about it. That is, it is not what a particular person or group of
>>>> people think about it now that matters, but what the indefinite community
>>>> of inquirers would finally think about it. The real's independence from
>>>> individual thought is what enables the inquirers to eventually have a
>>>> shared opinion about it.
>>>>
>>>> If we apply the related concepts of reality and truth to the original
>>>> metaphysical assumptions, then the regularities the indefinite community of
>>>> inquirers would find to be general to our experiences with the universe are
>>>> to be considered real and statements that express those regularities would
>>>> be true. According to this view, the real is that which persists and
>>>> therefore that which affords induction.  However, couldn't another
>>>> interpretation be that explanation is a type of regularity-making about the
>>>> dynamic, ever-changing qualities of the universe? After all, the concept of
>>>> a final belief can imply a static or discrete sign attempting to represent
>>>> a dynamic or continuous process. (I'd like to discuss the nature of the
>>>> sign and its final interpretant in a later post).
>>>>
>>>> Kees, and Peirce, gets to the connection of reality to being the object
>>>> of final beliefs (final interpretant)  by applying the pragmatic maxim to
>>>> get "reality" to the 3rd grade of clarity (129). Since Peirce limited the
>>>> pragmatic maxim to intellectual concepts only (115) and "the only
>>>> intellectual effect such objects can have upon us, Peirce claims, is to
>>>> produce belief" (de Waal 130), only the (immediate) objects of final
>>>> beliefs are real. It seems that the import of the intellectual effect of
>>>> intellectual concepts comes from the pragmatic maxim itself, by which only
>>>> the consequences for rational conduct is considered (116). Is that because
>>>> only the habits of which a person is conscious of, agrees with the
>>>> consequences of, and intentionally maintains are rightly considered
>>>> beliefs? Or is it because the pragmatic maxim can only be practically
>>>> applied to those consequences of the acceptance of the maxim to rational
>>>> conduct that can be foreseen (and therefore are based on known habits)?
>>>>
>>>> Kees seems to jump a few steps in the reasoning here, but presumably
>>>> because the whole conception of all practical consequences of a belief must
>>>> include what the indefinite community settles on, that aspect of the belief
>>>> must be included in its definition. Also presumably, just as the object has
>>>> to be independent, the community of inquirers must have empirical and/or
>>>> logical access to the object, otherwise no shared belief can come out of
>>>> it. Can rational conduct simply mean the opinion or definition about the
>>>> isolated concept? Or does it require that the concept fit into a more
>>>> general theory of how the concept is related to other concepts?
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Mara Woods
>>>>
>>>> M.A., Semiotics -- University of Tartu
>>>>
>>>>
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>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>
>>
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