(Undistorted Figure 2 is attached.)
Hi,
One of the common features shared by humans and living cells is that they
must and do communicate among themselves. Since language is essential for
any communication, it would follow that cells must possess a language as
humans do. In 1997, I referred to such a language as the cell language
[1]. When I formulated the so-called cell language theory in the late
1990s and early 2000s [1-6], I was unaware of any mathematical
connection existing between cell and human languages (also called
cellese and humanese, respectively, for brevity), but during the past
couple of weeks, I have found such a connection, which is the topic of
this post. Briefly the following are the new findings:
(1) Both the WORD length and GENES length frequencies are distributed
randomly, obeying the Gaussian distribution (see the upper two panels
in Figure 1 attached).
(2) The word length frequency distribution in a SPEECH and the protein
length frequency distribution in LIVING CELLS are distributed
non-randomly, obeying the Planckian distribution (see the lower two
panels in Figure 1 attached).
Observations (1) and (2) clearly demonstrate that cellese and humanese are
mathematically connected words and genes through the Gaussian
distribution law, and words in action (i.e., speech) and genes in action
(i.e., protein-mediated enzyme activities) through the Planckian
distribution law. What may be equally significant is the fact that words
in a dictionary and genes in DNA are equilibrium structures of Prigogine
while speech and protein actions (i.e., enzyme activities) are
dissipative structures. These findings are summarized in Table 1
(attached).
Finally, the connection among mathematics, glottometrics (the quantitative
study of words and texts) and genomics (study of genes and their encoded
products) may be understood qualitatively in terms of the
Possibility-Probability-Pattern Category Theory Of Everything (P3C-TOE)
proposed in [biosemiotics:6485] on 8/22/2014:
f g
Possibility ----------> Probability ----------> Pattern
(mathematical/ (speech/enzyme actions/ (linguistic/genomic/
lexical/genetic mathematical ideas) mathematical regularities)
[Firstness] [Secondness] [Thirdness]
| ^
| |
|_______________________________________________|
h
Figure 2. The hypothesis that mathematics, genomics and glottometrics
are mathematical categories that form another mathematical category at a
higher level of organization. f = actualization; g = environment-mediated
section; h = grounding/empirical validation/habit.
With all the best.
Sung
________________________________________________
Sungchul Ji, Ph.D.
Associate Professor of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy
Rutgers University
Piscataway, N.J. 08855
732-445-4701
www.conformon.net
References:
[1] Ji, S. (1997). Isomorphism between cell and human languages:
molecular biological, bioinformatics and linguistic implications,
BioSystems 44, 17-39. Available at conformon.net
[2] Ji, S. (1999). The Linguistics of DNA: Words, Sentences,
Grammar, Phonetics, and Semantics, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 870,
411-417. Available at conformon.net under Publications > Refereed
Journal Articles.
[3] Ji, S. (2001). Isomorphism between Cell and Human Languages:
Micro- and Macrosemiotics, in Semiotics 2000: Sebeoks Century, S.
Simpkins, J. Deely, (eds.), Legas, Ottawa, pp. 357-374. Available at
conformon.net under Publications > Proceedings and Abstracts.
[4] Ji, S. (2002). Microsemiotics of DNA, Semiotica 138(1/4),
15-42. Available at conformon.net under Publications > Refereed
Journal Articles.
under Publications > Refereed Journal Articles.
[5] Ji, S. (2012). The Isomorphism between Cell and Human Languages:
The Cell Language Theory. In: Molecular Theory of the Living Cell:
Concepts, Molecular Mechanisms, and Biomedical Applications.
Springer, New York. Section 6.1.2, pp. 164-168. Available at
conformon.net under Publications > Book Chapters.
[6] Ji, S. (2012). Peircean Signs as Gnergons. In: Molecular
Theory of the Living Cell: Concepts, Molecular Mechanisms, and
Biomedical Applications. Springer, New York. Section 6.2.3, pp.
176-180. Available at conformon.net under Publications > Book
Chapters.
[7] Grzybek P, Kelih E, Stadlober E (2008). The realtion between
word length and sentence length: an intra-systemic perspective in the
core data structgure.Glottometrics 16:111-121.
[8] Zhang J (2000). Protein-length distributions for the three
domains of life. TIG 16(3): 107-109.
[9] Zhou Y, Mishra B (2004). Models of Genome Evolution. In:
Modeling in Molecular Biology (Ciobanu G, Rozenberg G, eds),
Springer, Berlin. Pp. 287-304.
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