Gary F., Gary R., List: Many thanks to Gary F. for the blog post and slide show, and to Gary R. for the links. I second the latter's recommendation of this material to anyone seeking greater clarity on the Type/Token distinction, which obviously bears significantly on my contention that all Signs are Types of which their Replicas are Tokens. It also lucidly explains that the same word can be *collectively *general, referring to the Type as a whole, vs. *distributively *general, referring to every individual Token of the Type. This helps explain why, when discussing his 1908 taxonomy, Peirce floated the name *Collective *for a Sign whose *Dynamic *Object is a Necessitant (EP 2:489), and the name *Distributive *for a Sign whose *Immediate *Object is a Necessitant (EP 2:488).
I am currently proposing to call a Necessitant DO the *General *Object, because I hold that *every *Sign (Type) has one, so it is not a basis for distinguishing some classes from others. Perhaps *Collective *Object would be better, since it indicates the relevant *kind *of generality. My main objection to this alternative remains the fact that some Signs instead have a *Continuous *Object, such as the laws of nature ensuring that if the wind *were *to blow at *any *particular place and time, a weathercock or the ripples on a lake *would *indicate its direction. Again, an adjective that encompasses *both *of these would be ideal, and "general" satisfies this criterion; "after all continuity is generality" (CP 6.203; 1898). I still prefer to call a Sign with a Necessitant IO a *Copulative*, because I hold that this class is not limited to Signs that are distributively general. This name also emphasizes the nature of a Sign as an *Entelechy*, "that which brings things together" (NEM 4:295; 1904), which is exemplified by the continuous predicate of a Rhematic or Dicent Symbol--which I have previously suggested calling a *continuous copula* instead--and the logical leading principle of an Argument. Regards, Jon Alan Schmidt - Olathe, Kansas, USA Professional Engineer, Amateur Philosopher, Lutheran Layman www.LinkedIn.com/in/JonAlanSchmidt - twitter.com/JonAlanSchmidt On Wed, Sep 5, 2018 at 3:34 PM, Gary Richmond <gary.richm...@gmail.com> wrote: > List, > > I would encourage all here who are interested in the type/token > distinction to read Gary Fuhrman's most recent, and useful blog entry, > "Earthtypes" http://gnusystems.ca/wp/2018/09/earthtypes/ > which includes the informative Online Etymology entry on 'type' > https://www.etymonline.com/word/type > > (Here's a link to the Etymology site itself https://www.etymonline.com > where you can, for example, also look up the much shorter entry on 'token'.) > > In todays blog post, Gary also provides a link to an excellent and > visually beautiful slide show he created principally on 'type' > http://gnusystems.ca/TS/Type.pdf > and, as is often the case in his blog entries, comments on and references > to Peirce are made, including Peirce quotations on the topic at hand. > > Within his blog entries Gary also typically(!) points to short sections of > his book, *Turning Signs*, http://gnusystems.ca/TS/TWindex.htm these > being passages directly relating to the current blog entry, today, > naturally, to a discussion of Peirce's comments on 'type' > http://gnusystems.ca/TS/dlg.htm#typtok > > I read Gary's book in part as he was writing it and finally in its > 'completed' versions (there's an aspect of it which is, by design, never > meant to be completed), that is both on-line and in hard copy. I highly > recommend it. The book has both an unusual, quite original content, and a > very unique structure. In the introduction to the book he briefly discusses > both: > > *Turning Signs* is an essay about life, the universe and everything that > *means* something. It's also an interlinked network of thoughts and > observations about such things, written or transcribed by the author or by > anyone else who cares to contribute their ideas. > > The essay part (or Obverse side) of *Turning Signs* was completed in > September 2015 and is now available as a printed book > <http://gnusystems.ca/wp/about/>. It took 15 years of research and > revision, and 70 years of a human life, to reach that state of completion. > It serves as a stable context for the other (Reverse) side of *Turning > Signs*, which is incomplete and open-ended (rather like life itself). > This consists of current thoughtnotes appearing daily on the author's blog > <http://gnusystems.ca/wp/>, along with comments and questions by other > readers and writers. These thoughtnotes are also collected into > *rePatches*, listed above next to the Chapters they correspond to, and > named according to their content. > > This netbook draws upon various arts, sciences and religious traditions in > an attempt to throw some light on the deeper qualities of life we are often > too busy to notice. I have documented my sources, to the best of my > ability, by means of parenthetical citations and a reference list > <http://gnusystems.ca/TS/refs.htm> so that interested readers can locate > them if they wish to. But no specialized or academic background is > required. I've also included hypertext links so that readers who are so > inclined can take side trips from the main train of thought running through > the sequential chapters of the book's Obverse side. > > All readers are invited to post comments or questions on the Turning > Signs blog <http://www.gnusystems.ca/wp/> or e-mail me privately by using > the Contact Me button on th > > I joined Gary's blog when it was first created and always very much look > forward to reading it, occasionally posting responses to his blog entries > which, by the way, do not come with too great a frequency (so I'm able to > digest each completely). I'd encourage all, perhaps especially those with > "no specialized or academic background," to read his book and follow his > blog. > > Best, > > Gary > > *Gary Richmond* > *Philosophy and Critical Thinking* > *Communication Studies* > *LaGuardia College of the City University of New York* > *718 482-5690* >
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