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}John - that's an absolutely fascinating article - and shows the
development of a commonality, of habits among a population. It shows
the operation and functionality of Thirdness.
And shows that it's an actual physiological process, not just a
memory-collection of symbols, but a physiological process that
develops a biological commonality.
This further suggests that populations - whether of insects, birds
or humans, develop, via actual shared tasks, almost physiological
commonalities. We see here the development of population diversity -
and so, can see why, eg, birds are not identical over the world but
are diverse due to common interactions with a particular environment.
Edwina
On Sat 20/06/20 11:30 PM , "John F. Sowa" [email protected] sent:
I came across a recent article that sheds some light on what Peirce
may have meant by "fusing minds" that share a common experience. See
below for the abstract of the article, the URL, and some excerpts.
From Peirce's brief comments about that issue, we can only guess
what he meant. But the issues mentioned below (and discussed in
more detail in the full article) are intriguing. Peirce very likely
participated in some such activities. He may have had a feeling (an
experience in his phaneron) for which the word 'fusion' might have
been a good description.
And by way, this article is just one example of the kind of evidence
that can help us interpret what Peirce meant. He couldn't have
imagined his own brain waves synchronized with others, and neither
could we -- until we read about actual measurements in an fMRI
scanner.
His writings, of course, are essential evidence. But the writings
are just the tip of an immense iceberg. They represent a tiny
fraction of what he knew, felt, thought, and did. To interpret those
writings, we need to study as much as we can about his life, his
reading, and the effects he had on his contemporaries and on his
readers up to the present day.
As we know very well, Peirce had deep insights that anticipated and
often went far beyond the insights of scientists and philosophers up
to and including the present. Just reading a recent article that
has no mention of Peirce might give us a crucial bit of evidence that
can enable us to interpert something he wrote over a century ago.
John
-----------------------------------
Authors: Ana Lucía Valencia & Tom Froese (2020)
Title: What binds us? Inter-brain neural synchronization and its
implications
for theories of human consciousness
Abstract: The association between neural oscillations and
functional
integration is widely recognized in the study of human cognition.
Large-scale synchronization of neural activity has also been
proposed as
the neural basis of consciousness. Intriguingly, a growing number
of
studies in social cognitive neuroscience reveal that phase
synchronization similarly appears across brains during meaningful
social
interaction. Moreover, this inter-brain synchronization has been
associated with subjective reports of social connectedness,
engagement,
and cooperativeness, as well as experiences of social cohesion and
self-other merging. These findings challenge the standard view
of
human consciousness as essentially first-person singular and
private.
We therefore revisit the recent controversy over the possibility of
extended consciousness and argue that evidence of inter-brain
synchronization in the fastest frequency bands overcomes the
hitherto
most convincing sceptical position. If this proposal is on the
right
track, our understanding of human consciousness would be profoundly
transformed, and we propose a method to test this proposal
experimentally.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7288734/
Behavioural studies in psychology have consistently shown that
synchrony
during joint action (such as rocking, marching, walking, or dancing)
promotes cooperative ability and increases empathy, liking, rapport,
and
prosocial behaviour (Hari and Kujala 2009; Hove and Risen 2009;
Wiltermuth and Heath 2009; Valdesolo et al. 2010; Valdesolo and
DeSteno
2011; Mogan et al. 2017). From such studies, it has been suggested
that
dynamics of neuronal coupling could play an important role in the
emergence of such interactive synchrony (Wilson and Wilson 2005;
Dumas
et al. 2011; Hasson et al. 2012). Importantly, the development of
the
hyperscanning technique by Montague et al. (2002) has allowed for
the
measurement and analysis of such inter-brain dynamics (Babiloni and
Astolfi 2014; Czeszumski et al. 2020). Using functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI), functional near-infrared spectroscopy
(fNIRS),
electroencephalography (EEG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG),
hyperscanning paradigms simultaneously record the brain activity of
two
or more individuals, thus permitting the assessment of neural
activity
during real-time social interaction (Babiloni and Astolfi 2014;
Czeszumski et al. 2020)...
Greater neural synchronization also appeared between subjects
completing
a puzzle together, compared to when the same subjects completed
identical puzzles individually, or watched others complete the
puzzle
(in front of them or through video recording) (Fishburn et al.
2018). A
similar study revealed inter-brain synchronization between two
individuals when singing together, but not when singing individually
yet
close to each other (this effect was not observed in random pairs)
(Osaka et al. 2015)....
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