Jon, Bernard, List,
Two other Classification of Sciences from the MS 1345;
*FIRST :*
MS1345_004
Part 3. *Encyclopaedia*
The first year I would propose to point my masterly Syllabus of Science of
which I have given a table of contents.
*Contents of Syllabus of Science.*
Dividing all science into
I. *Mathematics*, the study of ideal constructions.
*II.** Phenomenology, *which observes phenomena and seeks to identify their
forms with those that mathematics has studied.
*III. **Pragmatics, *which studies how we ought to act in the light of
experience.
I consider Mathematics
1. *Geometry* and the mathematics of continua, giving only a few
generalities §1
2. *Arithmetic*, or the mathematics of discrete infinite collections. The
special merle of reasoning explained
§2
3. *The theory of finite groups*. The peculiarity of the reasoning
explained. §3
II. Phenomenology being divided into
1. *Philosophy*, or the universal characters of Phenomena
2. *Nomology*, or the discovery of the characters of classes of phenomena,
and the accounting for them by the general principles of philosophy,
3. *Descriptive and Explanation* Science, or the description of individual
things, and explanation of their characters by the laws discovered by
Nomology.
MS1345_005
*Part 3* continued
I divide *Pragmatics* into
1*. Ethics*, or the universal principles of conduct
2. *Arts*, the study of general problems not going back to first principles.
3. *Policy,* or the study of special problems.
_________________
Mathematics requires no subdivision for our proposal.
I divide *Philosophy *into
A Logic
B Metaphysics
I divide *Nomology *into
A Psychics
B. Physics
I divide *descriptive Science*, or Episcopy, into
A. Ergography, the account of the works of intelligent beings
B. Empsychography, the account of those beings themselves
C. Cosmography, the account of inanimate nature.
MS1345_006
I divide *Ethics* into
A. Private Ethics
B. Public Ethics
I divide *Arts* into
A. Arts practiced by individuals
B. Sociology or public arts.
I divide *Policy* into
A. Policy toward men
B. Religion, or policy toward superior beings
C. Policy toward lower animals
______________________
No further subdivision of Philosophy is requisite.
I divide Psychics into
a. Psychology groper, or mind viewed partly at least from an internal
standpoint
b. Anthropology etc (say Empsychonomy) or mind viewed wholly from an
external Standpoint
α in individuals, men; spiritual intelligences,
animals
β in families
γ in communities of races
_______________________ THE END OF THE FIRST ____________________________
*SECOND *:
MS1345_007
Part 3. *Encyclopaedia*
Here we must adopt a classification of the sciences, not necessarily
inflict upon the user of the encyclopaedia, but *to guide the compiler.*
I divide all science into *three* parts, the first much the smallest,
the last much the largest. They are
I. *Mathematics,* the study of *ideal constructions* independently of the
question of their real existence.
II*. Empirics*, or *Phenomenolog*y, the study of *phenomena* with the
purpose of identifying their forms with those which mathematics as studied.
III. Pragmatics, the study of *how we ought to act* in the light of
experience.
I divide *mathematics* into 1 Geometry, 2 Arithmetic, and 3 The
theory of finite groups.
I divide Empirics into
1.*Philosophy*, or the study of the universal characters of phenomena.
2.* Nomology*, or the study of those characters of phenomena which though
not universal, belong to whole classes of phenomena, and the attempt to
account for them by connecting them with the universal laws which
philosophy discovers.
3.*Episcopy*, or the description of individual things, with a view to
explaining them by the laws nomology makes out.
________________________________________________________
Regards,
Robert Marty
Honorary Professor ; PhD Mathematics ; PhD Philosophy
fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Marty
*https://martyrobert.academia.edu/ <https://martyrobert.academia.edu/>*
Le dim. 17 oct. 2021 à 23:08, Jon Alan Schmidt <jonalanschm...@gmail.com> a
écrit :
> Robert, Bernard, List:
>
> RM: this classification of sciences is the simplest he [Peirce] provided
> ... but the most detailed ones are consistent with this matrix.
>
>
> It is indeed his simplest, but there is a *very* *fundamental *difference
> from his more detailed ones. This early (mid-1890s) classification situates
> *nothing
> *between mathematics and logic, the first branch of empirics, and places
> pragmatics as "the study of how we ought to behave" *after *all the
> special sciences, the later branches of empirics. By contrast, Peirce's
> mature (1902-3) classification *omits *empirics and pragmatics
> altogether, instead inserting phenomenology/phaneroscopy as the first
> *positive
> *science, as well as esthetics and ethics as the first two *normative
> *sciences.
> Was this change a mistake on Peirce's part? Evidently Bernard thinks so.
>
> BM (https://list.iupui.edu/sympa/arc/peirce-l/2021-10/msg00151.html): On
> the contrary what has been suggested is to find a place for an unknown
> thing into a pretty trichotomy a priori derived from the logic of the
> categories. This is too much putting the cart before the horse.
>
> BM (https://list.iupui.edu/sympa/arc/peirce-l/2021-10/msg00158.html): I
> wanted to underline that to force the description of Phaneroscopy to obey a
> preconceived (and hypothetical) classification of sciences is taking the
> problem the wrong way round (like the discussion on the list seems to have
> shown)
>
>
> The claim here seems to be that Peirce revised his classification of the
> sciences *only *because he wanted it to conform to "the logic of the
> categories" as an "a priori" or "preconceived" organizing principle. But
> what is the evidence for this allegation? What *other *plausible reasons
> might Peirce have had for recognizing phenomenology/phaneroscopy as a
> distinct science and placing it between mathematics and logic, along with
> esthetics and ethics? Note that in seeking to *understand *his thinking
> on the matter, this is a different question from whether he was *correct *to
> make this particular adjustment.
>
> Regards,
>
> Jon Alan Schmidt - Olathe, Kansas, USA
> Structural Engineer, Synechist Philosopher, Lutheran Christian
> www.LinkedIn.com/in/JonAlanSchmidt - twitter.com/JonAlanSchmidt
>
> On Sun, Oct 17, 2021 at 3:00 AM robert marty <robert.mart...@gmail.com>
> wrote:
>
>> Dear Margaretha,
>>
>> Your conception of attitude is in interpersonal relations, very
>> psychological. But it is not about that... it is about epistemology ...
>> Here is for example a very vertical "*epistemological attitude*" of
>> Peirce :
>>
>> *""Every systematic philosopher must provide himself a classification of
>> the sciences. Comte first proposed to arrange the sciences in a series of
>> steps, each leading another. This general idea may be adopted, and we may
>> adapt our phraseology to the image of the well of truth with flights of
>> stairs leading down into it:*
>>
>> *We divide the whole into three great parts:*
>>
>>
>>
>> * - mathematics, the study of ideal constructions without reference to
>> their real existence, - empirics, the study of phenomena with the
>> purpose of identifying their forms with those mathematics has studied,*
>>
>> * - pragmatics, the study of how we ought to behave in the light of the
>> truths of empirics."*
>>
>> (C.S. Peirce, MS 1345, undated, transcription 1976: NEM, vol III.2 1122)"
>>
>> And now try to get a horizontal comment on Peirce-L (*on the
>> sociological axis*) that takes into account this question of
>> identification of forms ... and if you are answered "OK" then ask where and
>> when your interlocutors tried to give content to their agreement "in the
>> flights of stairs within of well of truth"
>>
>> NB: this classification of sciences is the simplest he provided ... but
>> the most detailed ones are consistent with this matrix.
>>
>> Best regards,
>>
>> Robert Marty
>> Honorary Professor ; PhD Mathematics ; PhD Philosophy
>> fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Marty
>> *https://martyrobert.academia.edu/ <https://martyrobert.academia.edu/>*
>>
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