Gary, Joe, Jim, list,

(continued, 2rd part)
 
>[Gary] It does seem most likely and natural that there are a number of corrections and additions to be made in regard to Peirce's theories. For example, Ben points to the need for contemporary research fields to find their places within Peirce's classification of the sciences. But first folk have got to see the power of such an approach to classification, a matter which Kelly Parker admirably discusses at length in relation to continuity/triadicity in one of the early chapters of his book (the revisions that Ben has suggested to Peirce's classification seem to me idiosyncratic; and certainly any such revision of the classification ought not be one person's "take" on the matter anyhow).
 
That last remark sets up a strawman. To the contrary of course I'm not suggesting that people ought to embrace my revision even when they disagree with it and when I'm the only one in favor of it. Any revision of the classification ought not to be decided by a poll of whether one person supports it or dozens of people support it, etc. If, nevertheless, numbers are worth mentioning when I'm in the minority of one, let's remember that -- in numbers of supporters among philosophers -- Peirceanism itself comes in far behind linguistic analysis & phenomenological/existential philosophy.  Now, if we want to rephrase "minority of one" into "thinks he's right and whole rest of the world is wrong," that's merely self-inflammatory rhetoric, especially when the whole philosophical world is far from agreement among its constituents about the subject in question.
 
Now, I don't see why _more_ folks have to first see the power of an approach to classification. What is needed is for the people most interested in the subject to actually attempt it -- just _do_ it, engage the issues, and get productive inquiry rolling. The commencing to appear of some sort of interesting questions and first fruitful results along the way will be the strongest persuader that the approach could be more generally fruitful and that the subject is even worth pursuing at all. Birger Hjørland http://www.db.dk/bh/home_uk.htm has written http://www.db.dk/bh/Core%20Concepts%20in%20LIS/articles%20a-z/classification_of_the_sciences.htm "There is not today (2005), to my knowledge, any organized research program about the classification of the sciences in any discipline or in any country. As Miksa (1998) writes, the interest for this question largely died in the beginning of the 20th century." And the would-be classifier is up against a lot more than that. It seems that not a few researchers believe that classification of research is an unredeemable bane.
 
Of course, I do think that the reason that Peirceans haven't attempted incorporations of contemporary fields into the Peircean classification, is that it's rather difficult. For instance, statistics seems to belong in cenoscopy, but it doesn't seem to belong within philosophy in any traditional sense. And what of information theory and its various areas? The problems involved are philosophical problems -- I think that they're to be solved philosophically. I doubt that stirring interest in people from various fields will do much to help various research fields "find their places" in the Peircean classification when those most familiar with the classification can't figure out how to place such well established and much written-about fields as probability theory, statistical theory, information theory, etc. within it. Of course I'm not against trying to stir other people's interest. But I think that it's just delaying the grappling with the philosophical problems.
 
Regarding idiosyncrasy. You think my classification is idiosyncratic. I think that a side-by-side comparison of my classification with Peirce's would show that mine is not idiosyncratic and is actually more regular and systematic. With each of four major families of research, I associate a category -- Peirce doesn't do that at all -- a referential scope or 'quantity' -- Peirce doesn't do that -- and a typical inferential mode of conclusion -- Peirce does that only for mathematics.  Crossing the families are inter-family bands of 'friendly cousins' based ultimately on such general and systematizable conceptions as those of relationships of 'one-to-one,' 'many-to-one,' 'one-to-many,' and 'many-to-many'.  What those abtract and colorless characterizations amount to or correlate with, I try to sketch along the first column at the relevant rows. Meanwhile the attempt to trace out implicit Peircean inter-family and inter-subfamily bands or patterns leads to that which Joe Ransdell has called the appearance of "derangement" in Peircean classification.
 
Now, one can certainly believe that my classification is wrong, and some years ago I put it through enough changes that the possibility of revising it again is quite real to me, and, one way or another, it certainly is a work in progress. I think, however, that it is harder to say that it is particularly idiosyncratic, random, arbitrary, etc., insofar as I do arrange it in explicit terms of large patterns logically related to one another. I am even led, thereby, into what amounts to an intellectual prediction -- that the field of 'inverse optimization,' 'inverse variations,' 'multi-objective optimization,' or whatever it is finally called, is a field that will rank in importance with statistical theory (as far as I know, this hasn't happened yet, and inverse optimization, as a disciplinary field, is young, maybe no more than a decade old).
Family --> I. 'Pure' mathematics. II. 'Applied' yet mathematically deep/nontrivial mathematics. III. Abstract yet phenomenally deep studies (cenoscopy). IV. Special sciences (idioscopy).
Scope of subject matter
(scopes informally described here. For formal characterizations of such scopes:
http://tetrast.blogspot.com/2005/03/referential-scopes-categories-of.html
Perspective of
the universal -cum- general,
i.e., the universal that isn’t the universe or totality.
Perspective of
the universal -cum- (monadic- or-polyadic)-singular,
i.e., a universe, collective totality, gamut.
Perspective of
the special- cum- general,
i.e., the non-universal general.
Perspective of
the special -cum- (monadic- or- polyadic)- singular,
i.e.,  singulars that aren’t the only ones
The object/objective is not necessarily of the same referential scope as the subject matter
Category of subject matter About
object(s)-to-object(s) relationships including mappings, e.g., operations, functions, integrals, equations
About
alternatives among cases - "whetherhoods" (probability, info (qua novelty, newsiness), logical conditioning & compounding, etc., e.g., "not," “with a 57% probability," etc.)
About
accidentia or modifications, positive phenomena in general rather than of special classes.
About
substantiae.
Mental character of objectification of subject matter at elementary level hypothetical, imaginative intellectual ... abstract
(e.g. 'redness')
 sensory/"instinctual"
("instinctual" nowadays a.k.a. "intuitive")
concrete, common-sense perceptual
Typical inferential mode of conclusions Tend to draw reversibly deductive conclusions.
(Given the well-orderedness of the given set, a mathematical induction -- the induction step itself -- is reversibly deductive, both automatically truth-preservative and automatically falsity-preservative).
Tend to draw non-reversibly deductive conclusions about particular cases.
Tend to draw ampliative inductive conclusions from samples or the like, to larger or total populations or the like. Tend to draw surmises as conclusions.
('Surmise' here is defined as inference which is neither automatically truth-preservative nor automatically falsity-preservative)
Family (I, II, III, IV) --->
 
Inter-family band of
"friendly cousins"
(ABCD = order of being
DCBA = order of knowledge)

        |
        V
I. 'Pure' mathematics. II. 'Applied' yet mathematically deep/nontrivial mathematics. III. Abstract yet phenomenally deep studies (cenoscopy). IV. Special sciences (idioscopy).
Maths of
continuity.
Discrete
mathematics.
>c metric
continuous
denumerable,
 w
finite
A. Sciences of arrangement,
global properties, etc.
(Many-to-many relationships)
Equations, extremization, topology, graph theory.
Deductive mathem. areas of optimization. Inverse optimization. Motion, forces, particles.
B. Sciences of measure, apportionment,
composition, etc.
(One-to-many relationships)
Integration, measure, enumeration.
Deductive mathem. theory of probability. Statistics. Material.
C. Sciences of calculation,
distinction, coding, etc.
(Many-to-one relationships)
Functionals, functions, derivatives. Algebra.
Deductive mathem. theory of information(1)
Cybernetics. Biological.
D. Sciences/studies of
inference & inference's crackups
(One-to-one relationships)
Limits. Ordered structures. Lattices. Conditions for applicability of mathematical induction, transfinite induction, etc.
Deductive mathem. theory of logic. Philosophy. Intelligent life.
(1) Info theory's development of group-theoretic structures was historically independent of group theory; ergo, such info theory has considerable disciplinary overlap with algebra and has presumably gotten much involved with the drawing of pure-math-style conclusions.
 
Peirce's classification of the discovery sciences
 
I. Mathematics.
About hypotheticals,
draws deductive
conclusions
a. Mathematics of logic.
b. Mathematics of discrete series.
c. Mathematics of continua & pseudocontinua.
2. Philosophy,
coenoscopy.
About phenomena
in general rather
special classes
of phenomena,
and such as
any person has
available to him in
any waking moment.
Does not resort
to special
experiences.
Necessary
philosophy or
Episteme
(Minute Logic
CP I.279)
(not in the
1903
Syllabus
classification
1.180-202
G-1903-2b)
a. Phenomenology.
b. Normative science. Esthetics.
Ethics.
Logic / semiotics.
-- Speculative grammar.
-- Critic.
-- Methodeutic
c. Metaphysics Ontology or general
Psychical or religious
-- God.
-- Freedom.
-- Immortality
Physical
(space, time, matter, etc.)
Theorics ("theôrics") (space, time) from "Minute Logic" (1902) CP I.278 http://www.textlog.de/4260-2.html "...are based upon the same sort of general experience upon which philosophy builds; and they only resort to special observation to settle some minute details, concerning which the testimony of general experience is possibly insufficient. It is true that they are thus of a nature intermediate between coenoscopy and idioscopy; but in the main their character is philosophical."
 (not in the 1903 Syllabus classification 1.180-202 G-1903-2b at
http://www.princeton.edu/~batke/peirce/cl_o_sci_03.htm )
III. Idioscopy.
About special
classes of
phenomana.
Resorts to special
experiences.
a. Physical.
Nomological or general.
-- Molar Physics, Dynamics and Gravitation.
-- Molecular Physics, Elaterics and Thermodynamics.
-- Etherial Physics, Optics and Electrics
Classificatory.
"Classificatory physics seems, at present, as a matter of fact,
to be divided, quite irrationally and most unequally, into
i, Crystallography; ii, Chemistry; iii, Biology."
Descriptive.
i, Geognosy; ii, Astronomy
b. Psychical. Nomological Psychics or Psychology.
Classificatory Psychics, or Ethnology.
Descriptive Psychics, or History.
 
>[Gary] A powerful idea is (paraphrasing Peirce) like a child--it needs care and nurturing. With friends suggesting the child is a kind of partially formed monster, who needs enemies?
 
Enemies? You have your dear theory, I have mine, others have theirs. I won't grant to your views more value or authority than to mine on some sort of grounds that yours have more in common with Peirce's and some others' views than mine have. The content of such grounds is true, but wouldn't serve reasonably as grounds. It would be to concede to an argument from authority, authority of a kind and degree which I don't grant, so the argument just won't work with me. The locus for an argument on whether you or I anybody should grant Peirce's authority and correctness in these matters is in discussion of those matters themselves, not in discussion of how brilliant Peirce and his interpreters have been.
 
We all have _feelings_; none of us is the Lone Ranger in that department. We all know that a forum where the criterion is simply "relevance to Peirce" is hardly the place to shield one's theories from criticism or to shield oneself from feeling pained by the sheer fact of disagreement. If you can convince Joe to turn this into a "working" forum for those already on board with the theory, then fine. I'd find it disappointing, but have no objections that would be based on principle. It's Joe's forum.
 
>[Gary] Certainly were I ever to become convinced that there were indeed other than three universes of experience, three categories, three semeiotic elements I would immediately be forced on pragmatic principles to modify my view radically. But that has not happened, and the 3 universes, categories, and semeiotic elements continue to be confirmed in my own experience and thinking. As regards Ben's thinking in this matter, I have not yet been convinced by his arguments that, say, collateral experience on the one hand, or coding/decoding on the other, necessitate adding a fourth semeiotic element or analog. Until that happens I personally will  concentrate on promoting the healthy growth of a *child* who seems to me most remarkable, most promising,  who continuously inspires my own creative work, etc.

>[Gary] But moving along, as  you've written before, Ben, your 1st is a kind of 2nd, and your fourth is in a sense another form of the object. Here you give your semeiotic four in outline form.
>>[Ben]
1. index -- extremality, force, shortest distance, etc. ~ ~ ~ 3. symbol -- information, coding, importance, etc.
2. icon -- probability, likelihood, etc. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4. proxy -- logic, substantiation, legitimacy, etc.
>[Gary] Besides the probably insignificant point that commencing with a kind of secondness, and having two object-like elements seems to me to weight your four-fold structure with too much secondness, as well as my sense (from studying your Tetrast diagrams) that index, icon, and symbol in your system  represent some aspects of Peirce's categories, but also much else which seems alien to Peirce's understanding of these three (so that they are really not the same animals), I again just ask: how could Peirce--and many brilliant interpreters--have missed the 4th, the proxy, your "logic itself" (as in your schema above--there the symbol seems reduced to mere coding of information and to have no inferential or generative power of its own vs Peirce where "symbols grow")?
 
Those aren't my semiotic four per se. They are a set of correlations between _kinds of sign_ and (hypostatically abstracted) _kinds of attribution of predicate or proposition_. It is not hard to see the resonance in the first three cases. The fourth correlation will be harder to grasp since most of us are not used to thinking in terms of that which I call a "proxy." Anyway, my semiotic four are, instead, object, sign, interpretant, recognizant.
 
I don't know how Peirce and others have missed the distinct and irreducible logical role of verification. I keep an eye open regarding that question, that's about all. I don't have some hidden opinion on the question. Tom Short argued that there is a problem with answering how it is that semiosis learns to distinguish sense from nonsense, and Tom argued that Peirce saw this problem. I wasn't convinced that Peirce saw the problem, and I think that it's the verification problem; I can't help thinking that if Peirce had seen it, he would have addressed it more aggressively.
 
There's no reason for me to have to come up with a theory of "how Peirce and others missed it," any more than you need, before forging ahead with your work in Peircean philosophy, to come up with a theory of how it is that many brilliant thinkers in logic & philosophy, including readers of Peirce, have failed to see that which Peirce and others have believed that they've seen.  Anyway, such theories about ignorance or error on philosophical issues tend to presume agreement on the issues themselves, so I'd rather stick to the issues themselves, rather than get drawn into a sucker's game of a delicate balancing act of trying on unaccepted premisses to illuminate some sort of intellectual flaw in Peirce without seeming simply hostile to Peirce. Maybe I would let myself get drawn into that, if I felt hostile to Peirce, but instead I like Peirce.
 
You should feel obliged to supply such a theory, one for why so many philosophers have failed to regard Peirce as correct and as importantly correct, if you think that I should supply a theory for why Peirce failed to see that which I believe that I see, (though I don't see any reciprocal obligation on myself as thereby arising, since I don't see that either one of us is obliged to undertake such theorizings in the first place).
 
It's good and constructive, if one thinks that somebody is wrong, to try to understand how they could have failed to notice their supposed error.  But to require theories about such things as the price of disagreement would be to concede a little too much to a validity of argument from authority, and the subject of why is not of primary importance. Peirceans sometimes offer their speculations as to why most philosophers are non-Peircean, but I'm not aware that theoretical work on that question is regarded -- by Peirceans, at least -- as necessary in order to pursue Peircean theory despite its non-acceptance by philosophers in general.
 
I'll continue this.
 
---
Message from peirce-l forum to subscriber [email protected]

Reply via email to