Passenger Ship Safety - New SOLAS Regulations in Force
July 2010
A comprehensive package of amendments to the international regulations
affecting new passenger ships entered into force on 1 July 2010. Increased
emphasis is placed on reducing the chance of accidents occurring and on
improved survivability, embracing the concept of the ship as "its own best
lifeboat".
The amendments affect passenger ship regulations in the International
Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), and came about as the result
of a comprehensive review of passenger ship safety initiated in 2000 by the
International Maritime Organization (IMO), the United Nations specialized
agency with responsibility for safety and security of shipping and the
prevention of marine pollution from ships. The aim of the review was to assess
whether the existing regulations were adequate to meet future challenges, in
particular to address issues related to the increased size of passenger ships
now being built. The amendments were adopted in 2006.
The guiding philosophy behind this important review was based on the dual
premise that the regulatory framework should place more emphasis on the
prevention of a casualty from occurring in the first place and that future
passenger ships should be designed for improved survivability so that, in the
event of a casualty, persons can stay safely on board, in a "safe area" as the
ship proceeds to port.
The amendments include new concepts such as the incorporation of design
criteria for the casualty threshold (the amount of damage a ship is able to
withstand, according to the design basis, and still safely return to port) into
SOLAS chapters II-1 and II-2. The amendments also provide regulatory
flexibility so that ship designers can meet future safety challenges.
The amendments, which largely affect new ships built from 1 July 2010, include:
alternative designs and arrangements;
provision of safe areas and the essential systems to be maintained while a ship
proceeds to port after a casualty, which will require redundancy of propulsion
and other essential systems;
on-board safety centres, from where safety systems can be controlled, operated
and monitored;
fixed fire detection and alarm systems, including requirements for fire
detectors and manually operated call points to be capable of being remotely and
individually identified;
fire prevention, including amendments aimed at enhancing the fire safety of
atriums, the means of escape in case of fire and ventilation systems; and
time for orderly evacuation and abandonment, including requirements for the
essential systems that must remain operational in case any one main vertical
zone is unserviceable due to fire.
Other important SOLAS amendments entering into force on 1 July 2010 include the
following:
December 2008 amendments to SOLAS
Amendments to the SOLAS Convention and to the 1988 Load Lines Protocol
These amendments make mandatory the International Code on Intact Stability,
2008 (2008 IS Code). The 2008 IS Code provides, in a single document, both
mandatory requirements and recommended provisions relating to intact stability,
taking into account technical developments, in particular regarding the dynamic
stability phenomena in waves, based on state-of-the-art concepts. The Code's
mandatory status, under both the SOLAS Convention and the 1988 Load Lines
Protocol, will significantly influence the design and the overall safety of
ships.
May 2006 amendments to SOLAS
Amendments to SOLAS Chapter II-2 - Fire protection
These include amendments relating to Regulation 9 - Containment of fire, to
include a requirement for water-mist nozzles which should be tested and
approved in accordance with the guidelines approved by the Organization; and to
Regulation 15 - Arrangements for oil fuel, lubricating oil and other flammable
oils, in which new text is introduced relating to the application of the
regulation to ships constructed on or after 1 February 1992 and on or after 1
July 1998.
Amendments to SOLAS Chapter III - Life-saving appliances and arrangements
In Regulation 7 - Personal life-saving appliances, the amendments add a new
requirement for infant lifejackets. For passenger ships on voyages of less than
24 hours, a number of infant lifejackets equal to at least 2.5% of the number
of passengers on board is to be provided; and for passenger ships on voyages of
24 hours or greater, infant lifejackets are to be provided for each infant on
board. A further amendment relates to the provision of lifejackets for larger
passengers and states that, if the adult lifejackets provided are not designed
to fit persons with a chest girth of up to 1,750 mm, a sufficient number of
suitable accessories are to be available on board to allow them to be secured
to such persons.
Amendments to SOLAS Chapter IV - Radiocommunications
The amendments relate to the provision of radio equipment, in Regulation 7, to
require ships to carry an EPIRB capable of transmitting a distress alert
through the polar orbiting satellite service (COSPAS-SARSAT) operating in the
406 MHz band; and, in Regulations 9 and 10, to clarify that the means of
initiating ship-to-shore distress alerts may be through the Inmarsat
geostationary satellite service by a ship earth station.
Amendments to SOLAS Chapter V - Safety of navigation
The amendment adds a new paragraph to Regulation 22 - Navigation bridge
visibility to allow ballast water exchange at sea, provided that the master has
determined that it is safe to do so and takes into consideration any increased
blind sectors or reduced horizontal fields of vision resulting from the
operation to ensure that a proper lookout is maintained at all times. The
operation should be conducted in accordance with the ship's ballast water
management plan, taking into account the recommendations on ballast water
exchange. The commencement and termination of the operation should be recorded
in the ship's record of navigational activities.
>From IMO Briefing 37/2010 of 1 July 2010
Further information about SOLAS is available on the IMO website at: www.imo.org
A comprehensive package of amendments to the international regulations
affecting new passenger ships entered into force on 1 July 2010. Increased
emphasis is placed on reducing the chance of accidents occurring and on
improved survivability, embracing the concept of the ship as "its own best
lifeboat".
The amendments affect passenger ship regulations in the International
Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), and came about as the result
of a comprehensive review of passenger ship safety initiated in 2000 by the
International Maritime Organization (IMO), the United Nations specialized
agency with responsibility for safety and security of shipping and the
prevention of marine pollution from ships. The aim of the review was to assess
whether the existing regulations were adequate to meet future challenges, in
particular to address issues related to the increased size of passenger ships
now being built. The amendments were adopted in 2006.
The guiding philosophy behind this important review was based on the dual
premise that the regulatory framework should place more emphasis on the
prevention of a casualty from occurring in the first place and that future
passenger ships should be designed for improved survivability so that, in the
event of a casualty, persons can stay safely on board, in a "safe area" as the
ship proceeds to port.
The amendments include new concepts such as the incorporation of design
criteria for the casualty threshold (the amount of damage a ship is able to
withstand, according to the design basis, and still safely return to port) into
SOLAS chapters II-1 and II-2. The amendments also provide regulatory
flexibility so that ship designers can meet future safety challenges.
The amendments, which largely affect new ships built from 1 July 2010, include:
alternative designs and arrangements;
provision of safe areas and the essential systems to be maintained while a ship
proceeds to port after a casualty, which will require redundancy of propulsion
and other essential systems;
on-board safety centres, from where safety systems can be controlled, operated
and monitored;
fixed fire detection and alarm systems, including requirements for fire
detectors and manually operated call points to be capable of being remotely and
individually identified;
fire prevention, including amendments aimed at enhancing the fire safety of
atriums, the means of escape in case of fire and ventilation systems; and
time for orderly evacuation and abandonment, including requirements for the
essential systems that must remain operational in case any one main vertical
zone is unserviceable due to fire.
Other important SOLAS amendments entering into force on 1 July 2010 include the
following:
December 2008 amendments to SOLAS
Amendments to the SOLAS Convention and to the 1988 Load Lines Protocol
These amendments make mandatory the International Code on Intact Stability,
2008 (2008 IS Code). The 2008 IS Code provides, in a single document, both
mandatory requirements and recommended provisions relating to intact stability,
taking into account technical developments, in particular regarding the dynamic
stability phenomena in waves, based on state-of-the-art concepts. The Code's
mandatory status, under both the SOLAS Convention and the 1988 Load Lines
Protocol, will significantly influence the design and the overall safety of
ships.
May 2006 amendments to SOLAS
Amendments to SOLAS Chapter II-2 - Fire protection
These include amendments relating to Regulation 9 - Containment of fire, to
include a requirement for water-mist nozzles which should be tested and
approved in accordance with the guidelines approved by the Organization; and to
Regulation 15 - Arrangements for oil fuel, lubricating oil and other flammable
oils, in which new text is introduced relating to the application of the
regulation to ships constructed on or after 1 February 1992 and on or after 1
July 1998.
Amendments to SOLAS Chapter III - Life-saving appliances and arrangements
In Regulation 7 - Personal life-saving appliances, the amendments add a new
requirement for infant lifejackets. For passenger ships on voyages of less than
24 hours, a number of infant lifejackets equal to at least 2.5% of the number
of passengers on board is to be provided; and for passenger ships on voyages of
24 hours or greater, infant lifejackets are to be provided for each infant on
board. A further amendment relates to the provision of lifejackets for larger
passengers and states that, if the adult lifejackets provided are not designed
to fit persons with a chest girth of up to 1,750 mm, a sufficient number of
suitable accessories are to be available on board to allow them to be secured
to such persons.
Amendments to SOLAS Chapter IV - Radiocommunications
The amendments relate to the provision of radio equipment, in Regulation 7, to
require ships to carry an EPIRB capable of transmitting a distress alert
through the polar orbiting satellite service (COSPAS-SARSAT) operating in the
406 MHz band; and, in Regulations 9 and 10, to clarify that the means of
initiating ship-to-shore distress alerts may be through the Inmarsat
geostationary satellite service by a ship earth station.
Amendments to SOLAS Chapter V - Safety of navigation
The amendment adds a new paragraph to Regulation 22 - Navigation bridge
visibility to allow ballast water exchange at sea, provided that the master has
determined that it is safe to do so and takes into consideration any increased
blind sectors or reduced horizontal fields of vision resulting from the
operation to ensure that a proper lookout is maintained at all times. The
operation should be conducted in accordance with the ship's ballast water
management plan, taking into account the recommendations on ballast water
exchange. The commencement and termination of the operation should be recorded
in the ship's record of navigational activities.
>From IMO Briefing 37/2010 of 1 July 2010
Further information about SOLAS is available on the IMO website at: www.imo.org
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