Friday, July 15, 2011
A Marine Safety Alert was issued to increase awareness and reiterate general
guidance on fuel systems and fuel switching safety in an effort to prevent
propulsion losses. After a noted decrease, there has been a recent increase in
the number of reported loss of propulsion incidents on deep draft vessels
within the Eleventh Coast Guard District. Coast Guard studies and review of
marine casualties indicate that lack of maintenance and testing of certain
systems, including fuel oil systems, is one of the leading causes of propulsion
failures. Advanced planning and careful fuel system management are critical to
safely switching fuels. This is especially important if fuel switching is not
routine practice. Proper procedures, training, and maintenance are essential
for vessels to safely switch between heavy/intermediate fuel oils and marine
distillates. Additionally, vessel operators need to have a good understanding
of their system requirements and limitations, and determine if any
modifications may be necessary to safely switch between intended fuels.
Managing Risk
Extensive analysis of propulsion losses has revealed certain trends among
vessels operating on marine distillates. In order to manage risk and improve
safety, vessel owners and operators should:
Consult engine and boiler manufacturers for fuel switching guidance;
Consult manufacturers to determine if system modifications or additional
safeguards are necessary for intended fuels;
Develop detailed fuel switching procedures;
Establish a fuel system inspection and maintenance schedule;
Ensure system pressure and temperature alarms, flow indicators, filter
differential pressure transmitters, etc., are all operational;
Ensure system seals, gaskets, flanges, fittings, brackets and supports are
maintained and in serviceable condition;
Ensure a detailed system diagram is available;
Conduct initial and periodic crew training;
Exercise tight control when possible over the quality of the fuel oils
received;
Complete fuel switching well offshore prior to entering restricted waters or
traffic lanes; and
Test main propulsion machinery, ahead and astern, while on marine distillates.
Additionally, the following guidance may assist vessel owners and operators in
preventing propulsion losses when operating on marine distillates:
Monitor for accelerated wear of engine/fuel system components and evaluate
maintenance period intervals;
Ensure fuel viscosity does not drop below engine manufacturer's
specifications;
Ensure proper heat management of fuel systems to maintain minimum viscosity
values;
Make appropriate fuel rack adjustments to account for potential fuel pressure
differentials between residual fuel oils and marine distillates;
Determine speed limitations for stopping the engine ahead and ordering an
astern bell to ensure timely engine response; and
Ensure start air supply is sufficient and fully charged prior to maneuvering.
This safety alert is provided for informational purposes only and does not
relieve any domestic or international safety, operational or material
requirement. Developed by the Prevention Division, United States Coast Guard
District Eleven, Alameda, CA.
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