Tony: For an account of "lean production" in the world automobile industry, see: -- James P. Womack, Daniel T. Jones & Daniel Roos _The Machine that Changed the World_, NY, Rawson Associates, 1990 (this work is based on the MIT multi-year study on "The Future of the Automobile"). For a technical description of "just-in-time" (kanban) production, from a pro-management perspective, see: -- Richard J. Schonberger _Japanese Manufacturing Techniques_, NY, The Free Press, 1982 Jerry