Charles wrote: >Biology (of the Shockley-Jensen-Murray type) has played and continues to play an important role in the ideology of racist and sexist legitimation of the system.< But most biologists (probably the vast majority) reject Shockley, Burt, Jensen, Murray, et al. The review of THE BELL CURVE in SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN was scathing. I get the impression that hardly anyone actually _read_ THE BELL CURVE (like many other bestsellers, like THE SATANIC VERSES). I think that those who were overt racists already simply used the existence of the book to reinforce their preexisting bigotry. On the other hand, covert racists could feel good about themselves for rejecting THE BELL CURVE. Some of these reject biology's role more or less completely, instead pointing to the "culture of poverty" (in a way that's unfair to Oscar Lewis) and the like. Jim Devine [EMAIL PROTECTED] & http://clawww.lmu.edu/Faculty/JDevine/jdevine.html Bombing DESTROYS human rights. US/NATO out of Serbia!