I'd like to say that while I can't follow every twist and turn in the argument about Europe and the periphery, I am appreciating this thread (when it stays on track). But a question. For a different topic I am citing estimates of long-run industrial output by Bairoch, as well as those by Angus Madison (OECD, 1995). Since some of you probably know this area well, any comments on how good these estimates are, especially Bairoch's industrial output in physical terms? Bill Burgess