Jim Devine writes:

>> When I was studying economic history in grad school, Fogel's work on
>> railroads was the clearest case of bogus history, applying the
>> "counterfactual" method where it didn't apply (i.e., history).
>> Counterfactuals -- what if the railroads had never been built? what if
>> the South had won the Civil War? what if Hitler had been
>> toilet-trained in a different way? etc. -- are fun but their validity
>> assume (1) a complete knowledge of the relevant past and (2) a
>> completely accurate theory of how the economy, politics, etc. work.
>> All economic history can do is to make a case for one theory compared
>> to others.

Well then, how would you suggest we make logical arguments concerning whether 
or not railroad construction added to historical wealth creation?

David Shemano


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