oops unacknowledged advantages of being born into a wealthy *stable* country, unacknowledged in the same way that a heir learns how to deny the privilege of an inheritance (see Ayelet Shachar) or whites come not to see the advantage of their inheritance relative to blacks (Thomas Shapiro). The sociological study of denial seems to have been advanced in a new book by Kari Norgaard.
At any rate, here on a different topic is Pranab Bardhan from Yale Global Online last year: While China is possibly the largest single manufacturing production center in the world for many goods in terms of volume, it is not so in terms of value-added; the world share of US or EU in this area is still substantially larger. Similarly, although the industrial growth rate has been phenomenal in China, South Korea and Taiwan grew at a faster pace in value-added terms during the first 25 years of their growth spurt. More important, contrary to popular impression, China’s growth over the last three decades has not been primarily export-driven. While China had major strides in foreign trade and investment during the last 15 years, before – during the period between 1978 and 1993 – the nation had a high average annual growth rate of about 9 percent. Much of the high growth in the 1980s and the associated dramatic decline in poverty happened largely because of internal factors, not globalization. These internal factors include an institutional change in the organization of agriculture, the sector where poverty was largely concentrated, and an egalitarian distribution of land-cultivation rights. While expansion of exports of labor-intensive manufactures did lift many people out of poverty in China, the same is not true for India, where exports are still mainly skill- and capital-intensive. It is also not completely clear that economic reform is mainly responsible for the recent high growth rate in India. Reform clearly made the Indian corporate sector more vibrant and competitive, but most of the Indian economy is not in the corporate sector, with 94 percent of the labor force working outside this sector, public or private. Consider the fast-growing service sector, where India’s information-technology-enabled services have made a reputation the world over. But that sector employs less than half of 1 percent of the total Indian labor force .
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