I wrote:
> "Anyway, if done right (e.g., without rigid quotas) AA can not only break 
> down inefficiencies within capitalist management systems (e.g., by preventing 
> the "old (white) boys' network" from dominating decision-making, promoting 
> their cronies, etc.) . . ."

David Shemano:
> Do you have any evidence, from anywhere in the world, that a race-based  
> affirmative action or quota program increased the efficiency of the 
> organization and/or had positive economic effects?  I don't mean for the 
> beneficiary, but for the organization.  I realize that since the Supreme 
> Court decided that state sponsored race-based programs cannot be based upon 
> remedying historical injustice, but instead must be based upon the purported 
> compelling benefits of "diversity," people feel compelled to say there are 
> benefits, but does anyone actually believe it? <

Hmm... I guess you're not one of those adherents of the "Austrian"
school of economics who rejects empirical evidence.

The benefits of diversity make sense to me. For example, in Chicago
(where I come from originally), we had a system of ethnically-based
(racist) "Jim Crow" segregation. This system has been broken down a
bit; race-based segregation seems to be further gone in California
(though racism is hardly dead). In the latter, integration has
encouraged much better communication between ethnic groups. By most
standards, improving communication raises the efficiency of
decision-making, while avoiding conflict to some degree.

Of course, nowadays we have increasing amounts of segregation by
_wealth_ instead, with a small number of very rich folks hiding their
McMansions (and actual mansions) behind hedgerows and security guards
(or even moats, as in Westlake Village at the border of LA and Ventura
counties). (That's capitalism for you!) Since the long history of
racism made it much more difficult for Black people to accumulate
financial wealth (and to gain a decent education) -- so that they
can't pass exalted status down to their kids (the process that Mittens
benefited so mightily from) -- we often see class segregation
reinforcing and helping to preserve preexisting race-based
segregation.

Another example: in the bad old days, kids with disabilities were
warehoused in special classrooms and segregated away from the
"typical" kids.This encouraged further shunning of the disabled by the
typical. Mainstreaming has helped here. Again, of course, private
schools are able to "skim the cream," excluding disabled kinds and
avoiding these benefits. (They don't care about those benefits, of
course, except to engage in tokenism for PR or guilt-assuaging
purposes.)

I don't have time to present other examples.


-- 
Jim Devine / If you're going to support the lesser of two evils, at
the very least you should know the nature of that evil.
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