"A final thought: the notion that there must be a “fundamental” source
for money’s value, although it’s a right-wing trope, bears a strong
family resemblance to the Marxist labor theory of value. In each case
what people are missing is that value is an emergent property, not an
essence: money, and actually everything, has a market value based on
the role it plays in our economy — full stop."

>From http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/22/things-that-arent-bubbles/

He also has interesting comments on the insistence of libertarians
that Social Security is a Ponzi scheme:
----------------snip
So what is fiat money? It is, as Paul Samuelson put it in his original
overlapping-generations model (pdf), a “social contrivance”. It’s a
convention, which works as long as the future is like the past.
Obviously, such conventions can break down — but then so can things
like property rights. In fact, you could argue that almost every asset
in a modern economy owes its value to social convention; green pieces
of paper could become worthless, but then so could any paper claim,
which is, after all, worth something only because laws say it is — and
laws can be repealed.

And once you realize that a social convention is not at all the same
thing as a bubble, several related fallacies fall into place.

Take the common claim on the right that Social Security is a Ponzi
scheme because the system has few real assets. It’s true that Social
Security is mainly a system in which each generation pays for the
previous generation’s retirement, in the expectation that it will
receive the same treatment from the next generation. But like monetary
circulation, this process can go on forever; there’s nothing
unsustainable about it (yes, demography, but that’s about the levels
of taxes and benefits, not the fundamental nature of the scheme). So
there’s nothing Ponziesque at all.
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