Section 3.2's example does not fail for the given reason "This tries to access the c instance variable of the argument $b thus yielding a run-time error" - instead Perl6 more correctly complains that it was expecting a ColPoint, but got a Point instead. Indeed one cannot generally replace a subtype with its parent type, only the other way around. Can correct by re-writing along the lines of "This fails to dispatch because ColPoint's equal method requires a ColPoint argument, but we are calling it with the supertype Point, which does not compose with the method's signature."
(Furthermore if "equal" is defined as a "multi method," then the dispatcher chooses Point's "equal" method, and the example returns "True," which all looks good to me. But it doesn't illustrate the paper's point.) -y
