Barry,
There is no such error when you do:
--- a/src/mat/examples/tests/ex109.c
+++ b/src/mat/examples/tests/ex109.c
@@ -57,7 +57,8 @@ int main(int argc,char **argv)
   ierr = MatAssemblyEnd(B,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);

   /* Test C = A*B (aij*dense) */
-  ierr = MatMatMult(A,B,MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX,fill,&C);CHKERRQ(ierr);
+  // ierr = MatMatMult(A,B,MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX,fill,&C);CHKERRQ(ierr);
+  MatCreateDense(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,an,PETSC_DECIDE,PETSC_DECIDE,M,NULL,&C);

What you are showing is maybe an error in the “MatDuplicate” that duplicates 
the ops->matmultnumeric, but not the workB container?

Hong,
Once again, I’ve been using MatMatMult without any calls to 
MatMatMultSymbolic_MPIBAIJ_MPIDense for many months.
What you are saying is only partially true, the workspace array workB may be 
allocated in MatMatMultSymbolic_MPIBAIJ_MPIDense, but also in the routine 
MatMatMultNumeric_MPIDense which exact role, as written in the source code, is 
to bypass MatMatMultSymbolic_MPIBAIJ_MPIDense:
/*
    This is a "dummy function" that handles the case where matrix C was created 
as a dense matrix
  directly by the user and passed to MatMatMult() with the MAT_REUSE_MATRIX 
option

  It is the same as MatMatMultSymbolic_MPIAIJ_MPIDense() except does not create 
C
*/

Anyway, I realised that my question was dumb in the first place. In 
MatMatMultNumeric_MPIDense, I just check now when A is MATMPIBAIJ or MATMPIAIJ 
and I either cast A to Mat_MPIBAIJ* or Mat_MPIAIJ* and set 
C->ops->matmultnumeric accordingly.
Now, everything works just fine, with *no* prior call to MatMatMult with 
MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX.

Thanks for your patience,
Pierre

> On 8 Jun 2017, at 5:14 AM, Zhang, Hong <[email protected]> wrote:
> 
> Pierre:
> You must call MatMatMultSymbolic_MPIBAIJ_MPIDense() to create a dense matrix 
> C (=A*B) and an internal submatrix 'workB'.
> 'workB' will be used (and reused) to store off processor rows of B needed for 
> local product of C.
> See MatMatMultSymbolic_MPIAIJ_MPIDense().
> 
> Without this local storage, numeric product fails as shown from your test. 
> Again, for using parallel MatMatMult(), you must use MatMatMultSymbolic() to 
> create C, then reuse it.
> 
> Hong
> ________________________________________
> From: Barry Smith [[email protected]]
> Sent: Wednesday, June 07, 2017 9:31 PM
> To: Pierre Jolivet
> Cc: Zhang, Hong; For users of the development version of PETSc
> Subject: Re: [petsc-dev] MatMatMult
> 
>> On Jun 7, 2017, at 1:29 AM, Pierre Jolivet <[email protected]> 
>> wrote:
>> 
>>> 
>>> On 6 Jun 2017, at 11:21 PM, Barry Smith <[email protected]> wrote:
>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> On Jun 6, 2017, at 1:52 PM, Pierre Jolivet <[email protected]> 
>>>> wrote:
>>>> 
>>>> On Tue, 6 Jun 2017 13:44:06 -0500, Hong wrote:
>>>>> Pierre :
>>>>> 
>>>>>> Yes, of course I defined (*C)->ops->matmultnumeric =
>>>>>> MatMatMultNumeric_MPIBAIJ_MPIDense in
>>>>>> MatMatMultSymbolic_MPIBAIJ_MPIDense.
>>>>>> However, the routine MatMatMultSymbolic_MPIBAIJ_MPIDense is never
>>>>>> reached when calling MatMatMult with scall == MAT_REUSE_MATRIX
>>>>>> 
>>>>> (http://www.mcs.anl.gov/petsc/petsc-current/src/mat/interface/matrix.c.html#line9487
>>>>>> [1], just to be sure I added a dummy printf in
>>>>>> MatMatMultSymbolic_MPIBAIJ_MPIDense and nothing is displayed with
>>>>>> MAT_REUSE_MATRIX, MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX works as intended)
>>>>> 
>>>>> MatMatMultSymbolic_xxx() is called only for MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX,
>>>>> during which, it defines
>>>>> (*C)->ops->matmultnumeric = MatMatMultNumeric_MPIBAIJ_MPIDense;
>>>> 
>>>> Sorry, I was not thorough enough. What I meant to say is that I never call 
>>>> MatMatMult with MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX, so MatMatMultSymbolic_xxx is never 
>>>> called.
>>> 
>>>  It is not designed to work that way. The reuse is specifically to reuse a 
>>> matrix obtained with a call to initial_matrix, not to reuse a random matrix 
>>> the user provides. The reason is that the symbolic stage may/does build 
>>> additional data structures that are used for the multiples that the user 
>>> cannot see or build directly.
>> 
>> I’m doing:
>>  MatCreateDense(PETSC_COMM_WORLD, m, n, M, N, in, &B);
>>  MatCreateDense(PETSC_COMM_WORLD, m, n, M, N, out, &C);
>>  MatMatMult(A, B, MAT_REUSE_MATRIX, PETSC_DEFAULT, &C);
>> 
>> This works perfectly fine with A of type MPIAIJ, but once again, everything 
>> is hardwired for this only type.
> 
>   Hmm, I modified src/mat/examples/tests/ex109.c to create the dense D matrix 
> with a MatDuplicate() instead of INITIAL MATRIX and when I run in parallel I 
> get
> 
> $ petscmpiexec -n 2 ./ex109
> [0]PETSC ERROR: --------------------- Error Message 
> --------------------------------------------------------------
> [0]PETSC ERROR: Petsc has generated inconsistent data
> [0]PETSC ERROR: Container does not exist
> [0]PETSC ERROR: See http://www.mcs.anl.gov/petsc/documentation/faq.html for 
> trouble shooting.
> [0]PETSC ERROR: Petsc Release Version 3.7.6, unknown
> [0]PETSC ERROR: ./ex109 on a arch-basic named Barrys-MacBook-Pro.local by 
> barrysmith Wed Jun  7 21:24:59 2017
> [0]PETSC ERROR: Configure options PETSC_ARCH=arch-basic
> [0]PETSC ERROR: #1 MatMPIDenseScatter() line 487 in 
> /Users/barrysmith/Src/petsc/src/mat/impls/aij/mpi/mpimatmatmult.c
> [0]PETSC ERROR: #2 MatMatMultNumeric_MPIAIJ_MPIDense() line 557 in 
> /Users/barrysmith/Src/petsc/src/mat/impls/aij/mpi/mpimatmatmult.c
> [0]PETSC ERROR: #3 MatMatMult() line 9492 in 
> /Users/barrysmith/Src/petsc/src/mat/interface/matrix.c
> [0]PETSC ERROR: #4 main() line 79 in 
> /Users/barrysmith/Src/petsc/src/mat/examples/tests/ex109.c
> [0]PETSC ERROR: PETSc Option Table entries:
> [0]PETSC ERROR: -malloc_test
> 
> it does run sequentially.
> 
>> According to your answer, Barry, I think the manual should be adjusted 
>> accordingly because to me what I’m trying to achieve should be possible as 
>> is (the fact that it is possible with MPIAIJ is also puzzling):
>> "In the special case where matrix B (and hence C) are dense you can create 
>> the correctly sized matrix C yourself and then call this routine with 
>> MAT_REUSE_MATRIX, rather than first having MatMatMult() create it for you. 
>> […]” 
>> (http://www.mcs.anl.gov/petsc/petsc-current/docs/manualpages/Mat/MatMatMult.html)
> 
>   Yes, you are right this documentation is wrong. This is only true for 
> sequential dense matrices. I've fixed the manual page in master.
> 
>  Barry
> 
>> 
>>>> Is there another way?
>>>> I cannot use MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX because I want to manage the underlying 
>>>> memory, and I'm guessing MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX will delete whatever is in C 
>>>> and reallocate memory on its own.
>>> 
>>> The memory in C is just a dense array so presumably you want to use some 
>>> "application" memory for this space?
>>> 
>>>  The simplest way for you to achieve this is to call the 
>>> MatMatMultSymbolic() then dig out the underly array of the matrix, call 
>>> PetscFree() on it and put in your own array. Yes, this is slightly hacky, 
>>> but it will work fine within the current PETSc model.
>> 
>> Yeah, alright, I already need to tinker with the 
>> MatDensePlaceArray/MatDenseResetArray so I can figure something out as well 
>> for this.
>> Thanks,
>> Pierre
>> 
>>> Barry
>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> Thanks in advance for your help,
>>>> Pierre
>>>> 
>>>>> Then MatMatMult(A,C,MAT_REUSE_MATRIX,..) calls
>>>>> (*(*C)->ops->matmultnumeric)(A,B,*C); (line 9432 in matrix.c)
>>>>> 
>>>>> which should go to MatMatMultNumeric_MPIBAIJ_MPIDense.
>>>>> 
>>>>> You may follow a debugging process
>>>>> using petsc/src/mat/examples/tests/ex109.c
>>>>> 
>>>>> Are you working on a branch of petsc? If so, I may take a look and
>>>>> see what is the problem.
>>>>> 
>>>>> Hong
>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> 2) I'm having trouble when scall == MAT_REUSE_MATRIX. Here,
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>> 
>>>>> http://www.mcs.anl.gov/petsc/petsc-current/src/mat/impls/dense/mpi/mpidense.c.html#line1208
>>>>>>> [2]
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> [2] it looks that the numeric part of the MatMatMult (which is
>>>>>>>> called when scall == MAT_REUSE_MATRIX) is hardwired to this
>>>>>>>> routine
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>> 
>>>>> http://www.mcs.anl.gov/petsc/petsc-current/src/mat/impls/aij/mpi/mpimatmatmult.c.html#line376
>>>>>>> [3]
>>>>>>> [3].
>>>>>>> br>
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>> 
>>>>> s.anl.gov/petsc/petsc-current/src/mat/impls/aij/mpi/mpimatmatmult.c.html#line556"
>>>>>>> rel="noreferrer"
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>> 
>>>>> target="_blank">http://www.mcs.anl.gov/petsc/petsc-current/src/mat/impls/aij/mpi/mpimatmatmult.c.html#line556
>>>>>>> [2]
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>> 
>>>>> http://www.mcs.anl.gov/petsc/petsc-current/src/mat/impls/dense/mpi/mpidense.c.html#line1208
>>>>>>> [4]
>>>>>>> [3]
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>> 
>>>>> http://www.mcs.anl.gov/petsc/petsc-current/src/mat/impls/aij/mpi/mpimatmatmult.c.html#line376
>>>>>>> [5]
>>>>> 
>>>>> 
>>>>> 
>>>>> Links:
>>>>> ------
>>>>> [1]
>>>>> http://www.mcs.anl.gov/petsc/petsc-current/src/mat/interface/matrix.c.html#line9487
>>>>> [2]
>>>>> http://www.mcs.anl.gov/petsc/petsc-current/src/mat/impls/dense/mpi/mpidense.c.html#line1208
>>>>> [3]
>>>>> http://www.mcs.anl.gov/petsc/petsc-current/src/mat/impls/aij/mpi/mpimatmatmult.c.html#line376
>>>>> [4]
>>>>> http://www.mcs.anl.gov/petsc/petsc-current/src/mat/impls/dense/mpi/mpidense.c.html#line1208
>>>>> [5]
>>>>> http://www.mcs.anl.gov/petsc/petsc-current/src/mat/impls/aij/mpi/mpimatmatmult.c.html#line376
> 

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