Raise an error while trying to acquire an invalid slot.

Once a replication slot is invalidated, it cannot be altered or used to
fetch changes. However, a process could still acquire an invalid slot and
fail later.

For example, if a process acquires a logical slot that was invalidated due
to wal_removed, it will eventually fail in CreateDecodingContext() when
attempting to access the removed WAL. Similarly, for physical replication
slots, even if the slot is invalidated and invalidation_reason is set to
wal_removed, the walsender does not currently check for invalidation when
starting physical replication. Instead, replication starts, and an error
is only reported later while trying to access WAL. Similarly, we prohibit
modifying slot properties for invalid slots but give the error for the
same after acquiring the slot.

This patch improves error handling by detecting invalid slots earlier at
the time of slot acquisition which is the first step. This also helped in
unifying different ERROR messages at different places and gave a
consistent message for invalid slots. This means that the message for
invalid slots will change to a generic message.

This will also be helpful for future patches where we are planning to
invalidate slots due to more reasons like idle_timeout because we don't
have to modify multiple places in such cases and avoid the chances of
missing out on a particular place.

Author: Nisha Moond <nisha.moond...@gmail.com>
Author: Bharath Rupireddy <bharath.rupireddyforpostg...@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Vignesh C <vignes...@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Smith <smithpb2...@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hayato Kuroda <kuroda.hay...@fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapil...@gmail.com>
Discussion: 
https://postgr.es/m/cabdarm6pbl5hpnsq+5nevmancf4fch7lqmgskxyily75tmn...@mail.gmail.com

Branch
------
master

Details
-------
https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/f41d8468ddea34170fe19fdc17b5a247e7d3ac78

Modified Files
--------------
src/backend/replication/logical/logical.c          | 25 +++---------------
src/backend/replication/logical/logicalfuncs.c     |  2 +-
src/backend/replication/logical/slotsync.c         |  4 +--
src/backend/replication/slot.c                     | 30 ++++++++++++++--------
src/backend/replication/slotfuncs.c                |  2 +-
src/backend/replication/walsender.c                |  4 +--
src/backend/utils/adt/pg_upgrade_support.c         |  2 +-
src/include/replication/slot.h                     |  3 ++-
src/test/recovery/t/019_replslot_limit.pl          |  2 +-
.../recovery/t/035_standby_logical_decoding.pl     | 15 +++++------
10 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 50 deletions(-)

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