Add file_extend_method=posix_fallocate,write_zeros.

Provide a way to disable the use of posix_fallocate() for relation
files.  It was introduced by commit 4d330a61bb1.  The new setting
file_extend_method=write_zeros can be used as a workaround for problems
reported from the field:

 * BTRFS compression is disabled by the use of posix_fallocate()
 * XFS could produce spurious ENOSPC errors in some Linux kernel
   versions, though that problem is reported to have been fixed

The default is file_extend_method=posix_fallocate if available, as
before.  The write_zeros option is similar to PostgreSQL < 16, except
that now it's multi-block.

Backpatch-through: 16
Reviewed-by: Jakub Wartak <[email protected]>
Reported-by: Dimitrios Apostolou <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/b1843124-fd22-e279-a31f-252dffb6fbf2%40gmx.net

Branch
------
REL_17_STABLE

Details
-------
https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/4dac22aa10d2882c2e6fb465d7c314cc2d8fb754

Modified Files
--------------
doc/src/sgml/config.sgml                      | 37 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
src/backend/storage/file/fd.c                 |  3 +++
src/backend/storage/smgr/md.c                 | 21 +++++++++++----
src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c           | 19 ++++++++++++++
src/backend/utils/misc/postgresql.conf.sample |  5 ++++
src/include/storage/fd.h                      | 11 ++++++++
6 files changed, 91 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

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