doc: Clarify that COLUMN is optional in ALTER TABLE ... ADD/DROP COLUMN.

In ALTER TABLE ... ADD/DROP COLUMN, the COLUMN keyword is optional. However,
part of the documentation could be read as if COLUMN were required, which may
mislead users about the command syntax.

This commit updates the ALTER TABLE documentation to clearly state that
COLUMN is optional for ADD and DROP.

Also this commit adds regression tests covering ALTER TABLE ... ADD/DROP
without the COLUMN keyword.

Backpatch to all supported versions.

Author: Chao Li <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Robert Treat <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Fujii Masao <[email protected]>
Discussion: 
https://postgr.es/m/caeowx2n6shlmonjotf63tjjggbgitvt5omssofmbjgb6xue...@mail.gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 14

Branch
------
REL_17_STABLE

Details
-------
https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/28239b761d20774b7d1a66616482b84db9baaafb

Modified Files
--------------
doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_table.sgml         |  4 ++--
src/test/regress/expected/alter_table.out | 10 ++++++++++
src/test/regress/sql/alter_table.sql      |  8 ++++++++
3 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

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