Fix nullability check for a sub-select's upper-level Vars

When checking whether a sub-select's output columns can produce NULL,
so as to decide whether a NOT IN can be converted to an anti-join,
query_outputs_are_not_nullable() falls back on find_nonnullable_vars()
for targetlist entries that are plain Vars: if the sub-select's own
quals prove the Var non-null, the output is non-nullable.  But that
test compared only varno and varattno, without checking varlevelsup.
An outer reference in the targetlist could thus be matched against a
Var of the sub-select's own range table that happens to share the same
varno and varattno, wrongly proving the output non-nullable and
allowing an invalid conversion to an anti-join, which yields wrong
answers when the outer reference is NULL.

To fix, restrict the fallback to Vars of the current query level.

Author: Rui Zhao <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Tender Wang <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Richard Guo <[email protected]>
Discussion: 
https://postgr.es/m/cahwvjhguaffrpmq4j+mcmcm_hc5qot7lzsc9bf9b7bcbmvb...@mail.gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 19

Branch
------
master

Details
-------
https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/0d99579320d075eba5733517463d81a2231e373b

Modified Files
--------------
src/backend/optimizer/util/clauses.c    |  3 ++-
src/test/regress/expected/subselect.out | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/sql/subselect.sql      | 15 +++++++++++++++
3 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

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