Fix relids of EC-derived join clauses for lateral UNION ALL members

When a LATERAL UNION ALL subquery is flattened into an appendrel, a
child EquivalenceMember's expression can contain lateral references to
other relations.  create_join_clause() builds a clause from such a
member with make_restrictinfo(), which computes clause_relids from the
expression, and so includes the relids of the lateral references along
with those of any outer joins that null them.  Commit 03107b4ed made
sure that clause_relids include the child's relids, but it only ever
added relids.

This is a problem when a lateral reference is nullable.  The child is
parameterized by its lateral_relids, which do not include the outer
joins that null the lateral references, so the clause fails the
join_clause_is_movable_into() assertion that
get_baserel_parampathinfo() applies to EC-derived clauses.

To fix, set a child clause's clause_relids from its members' em_relids
rather than from their expressions.  This matches how
adjust_appendrel_attrs() computes clause_relids for a child's other
join clauses.  The lateral references need not be included, since
every path for the child is parameterized by at least its
lateral_relids.  Also update num_base_rels to match, which commit
03107b4ed neglected to do.

Back-patch to v16, where outer-join relids were added to
clause_relids.  Before that, the relids of a lateral reference are
always part of the child's parameterization, so the problem does not
arise.

Author: Richard Guo <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: wenhui qiu <[email protected]>
Discussion: 
https://postgr.es/m/CAMbWs4-cRxpQNyQJW=PkDagSDGQ=3rp2t_fsayroksdstjk...@mail.gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 16

Branch
------
REL_16_STABLE

Details
-------
https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/aad7571d0e132a0d176b98b0e741059b057f5373

Modified Files
--------------
src/backend/optimizer/path/equivclass.c | 32 +++++++-----
src/test/regress/expected/join.out      | 92 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/sql/join.sql           | 26 ++++++++++
3 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

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