Hello and sorry for the big delay in reply!

On 04.05.2023 15:22, Tom Lane wrote:
AFAICS the change you propose would serve only to mask bugs.

Yes, it's a bad decision.

Under what circumstances would you be trying to inject INDEX_VAR
into a nullingrel set?  Only outer-join relids should ever appear there.

The thing is that i don't try to push INDEX_VAR into a nullingrel set at all,
i just try to replace the existing rt_index that equals to INDEX_VAR in Var 
nodes with
the defined positive indexes by using ChangeVarNodes_walker() function call. It 
checks
if the nullingrel contains the existing rt_index and does it need to be updated 
too.
It calls bms_is_member() for that, but the last immediately throws an error
if the value to be checked is negative like INDEX_VAR.

But we are not trying to corrupt the existing nullingrel with this bad index,
so it doesn't seem like an serious error.
And this index certainly cannot be a member of the Bitmapset.

Therefore it also seems better and more logical to me in the case of an index 
that
cannot possibly be a member of the Bitmapset, immediately return false.

Here is a patch like that.

With the best regards,

--
Anton A. Melnikov
Postgres Professional: http://www.postgrespro.com
The Russian Postgres Company
commit cc1724759b898efc703867a83d38173e4b2794b5
Author: Anton A. Melnikov <a.melni...@postgrespro.ru>
Date:   Mon May 29 13:52:42 2023 +0300

    Return false from bms_is_member() if checked value is negative.

diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/bitmapset.c b/src/backend/nodes/bitmapset.c
index 7ba3cf635b..3e1db5fda2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/bitmapset.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/bitmapset.c
@@ -446,9 +446,9 @@ bms_is_member(int x, const Bitmapset *a)
 	int			wordnum,
 				bitnum;
 
-	/* XXX better to just return false for x<0 ? */
+	/* bitmapset member cannot be negative */
 	if (x < 0)
-		elog(ERROR, "negative bitmapset member not allowed");
+		return false;
 	if (a == NULL)
 		return false;
 	wordnum = WORDNUM(x);

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