On 2024-07-19 Fr 9:46 AM, Thomas Simpson wrote:
Hi Scott,
I realize some of the background was snipped on what I sent to the
hacker list, I'll try to fill in the details.
Short background is very large database ran out of space during vacuum
full taking down the server. There is a replica which was applying
the WALs and so it too ran out of space. On restart after clearing
some space, the database came back up but left over the in-progress
rebuild files. I've cleared that replica and am using it as my
rebuild target just now.
Trying to identify the 'orphan' files and move them away always led to
the database spotting the supposedly unused files having gone and
refusing to start, so I had no successful way to clean up and get
space back.
Last resort after discussion is pg_dumpall & reload. I'm doing this
via a network pipe (netcat) as I do not have the vast amount of
storage necessary for the dump file to be stored (in any format).
On 19-Jul-2024 09:26, Scott Ribe wrote:
Do you actually have 100G networking between the nodes? Because if not, a
single CPU should be able to saturate 10G.
Servers connect via 10G WAN; sending is not the issue, it's
application of the incoming stream on the destination which is
bottlenecked.
Likewise the receiving end would need disk capable of keeping up. Which brings
up the question, why not write to disk, but directly to the destination rather
than write locally then copy?
In this case, it's not a local write, it's piped via netcat.
Do you require dump-reload because of suspected corruption? That's a tough one.
But if not, if the goal is just to get up and running on a new server, why not
pg_basebackup, streaming replica, promote? That depends on the level of data
modification activity being low enough that pg_basebackup can keep up with WAL
as it's generated and apply it faster than new WAL comes in, but given that
your server is currently keeping up with writing that much WAL and flushing
that many changes, seems likely it would keep up as long as the network
connection is fast enough. Anyway, in that scenario, you don't need to care how
long pg_basebackup takes.
If you do need a dump/reload because of suspected corruption, the only thing I
can think of is something like doing it a table at a time--partitioning would
help here, if practical.
The basebackup is, to the best of my understanding, essentially just
copying the database files. Since the failed vacuum has left extra
files, my expectation is these too would be copied, leaving me in the
same position I started in. If I'm wrong, please tell me as that
would be vastly quicker - it is how I originally set up the replica
and it took only a few hours on the 10G link.
The inability to get a clean start if I move any files out the way
leads me to be concerned for some underlying corruption/issue and the
recommendation earlier in the discussion was opt for dump/reload as
the fail-safe.
Resigned to my fate, my thoughts were to see if there is a way to
improve the dump-reload approach for the future. Since dump-reload is
the ultimate upgrade suggestion in the documentation, it seems
worthwhile to see if there is a way to improve the performance of that
especially as very large databases like mine are a thing with
PostgreSQL. From a quick review of pg_dump.c (I'm no expert on it
obviously), it feels like it's already doing most of what needs done
and the addition is some sort of multi-thread coordination with a
restore client to ensure each thread can successfully complete each
task it has before accepting more work. I realize that's actually
difficult to implement.
There is a plan for a non-text mode for pg_dumpall. I have started work
on it, and hope to have a WIP patch in a month or so. It's not my
intention to parallelize it for the first cut, but it could definitely
be parallelizable in future. However, it will require writing to disk
somewhere, albeit that the data will be compressed. It's well nigh
impossible to parallelize text format dumps.
Restoration of custom and directory format dumps has long been
parallelized. Parallel dumps require directory format, and so will
non-text pg_dumpall.
cheers
andrew
--
Andrew Dunstan
EDB: https://www.enterprisedb.com
