On Wed, Jan 9, 2019 at 8:18 PM Tomas Vondra <tomas.von...@2ndquadrant.com>
wrote:


>
> See the attached patch, which recomputes the count regularly. I don't
> claim the patch is committable or that it has no other bugs, but
> hopefully it shows what I meant.
>
>

I got only one issue it is not work well with cursor

postgres=# START TRANSACTION;

START TRANSACTION

postgres=# create table t as select i from generate_series(1,1000) s(i);

SELECT 1000

postgres=# declare c cursor for select * from t fetch first 5 percent rows
only;

DECLARE CURSOR

postgres=# fetch all in c;

ERROR: trying to store a minimal tuple into wrong type of slot


I am looking at it .

meanwhile i fix row estimation and cost and make create_ordered_paths
creation with no LIMIT consideration in PERCENTAGE case


regards

Surafel
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/select.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/select.sgml
index 4db8142afa..8491b7831a 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/select.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/select.sgml
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT [ ON ( <replaceable class="parameter">expression</replac
     [ ORDER BY <replaceable class="parameter">expression</replaceable> [ ASC | DESC | USING <replaceable class="parameter">operator</replaceable> ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, ...] ]
     [ LIMIT { <replaceable class="parameter">count</replaceable> | ALL } ]
     [ OFFSET <replaceable class="parameter">start</replaceable> [ ROW | ROWS ] ]
-    [ FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ <replaceable class="parameter">count</replaceable> ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY ]
+    [ FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ <replaceable class="parameter">count</replaceable> ] [ PERCENT ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY ]
     [ FOR { UPDATE | NO KEY UPDATE | SHARE | KEY SHARE } [ OF <replaceable class="parameter">table_name</replaceable> [, ...] ] [ NOWAIT | SKIP LOCKED ] [...] ]
 
 <phrase>where <replaceable class="parameter">from_item</replaceable> can be one of:</phrase>
@@ -1397,7 +1397,7 @@ OFFSET <replaceable class="parameter">start</replaceable>
     which <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> also supports.  It is:
 <synopsis>
 OFFSET <replaceable class="parameter">start</replaceable> { ROW | ROWS }
-FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ <replaceable class="parameter">count</replaceable> ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY
+FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ <replaceable class="parameter">count</replaceable> ] [ PERCENT ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY
 </synopsis>
     In this syntax, the <replaceable class="parameter">start</replaceable>
     or <replaceable class="parameter">count</replaceable> value is required by
@@ -1407,7 +1407,8 @@ FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ <replaceable class="parameter">count</replaceable> ] {
     ambiguity.
     If <replaceable class="parameter">count</replaceable> is
     omitted in a <literal>FETCH</literal> clause, it defaults to 1.
-    <literal>ROW</literal>
+    with <literal>PERCENT</literal> count specifies the maximum number of rows to return 
+    in percentage.<literal>ROW</literal>
     and <literal>ROWS</literal> as well as <literal>FIRST</literal>
     and <literal>NEXT</literal> are noise words that don't influence
     the effects of these clauses.
diff --git a/src/backend/executor/nodeLimit.c b/src/backend/executor/nodeLimit.c
index baa669abe8..8fc70b1b5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/executor/nodeLimit.c
+++ b/src/backend/executor/nodeLimit.c
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 
 #include "postgres.h"
 
+#include <math.h>
+
 #include "executor/executor.h"
 #include "executor/nodeLimit.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
@@ -44,6 +46,7 @@ ExecLimit(PlanState *pstate)
 	ScanDirection direction;
 	TupleTableSlot *slot;
 	PlanState  *outerPlan;
+	slot = node->subSlot;
 
 	CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();
 
@@ -81,7 +84,15 @@ ExecLimit(PlanState *pstate)
 			/*
 			 * Check for empty window; if so, treat like empty subplan.
 			 */
-			if (node->count <= 0 && !node->noCount)
+			if (node->limitOption == PERCENTAGE)
+			{
+				if (node->percent == 0.0)
+				{
+					node->lstate = LIMIT_EMPTY;
+					return NULL;
+				}
+			}
+			else if (node->count <= 0 && !node->noCount)
 			{
 				node->lstate = LIMIT_EMPTY;
 				return NULL;
@@ -122,6 +133,7 @@ ExecLimit(PlanState *pstate)
 			return NULL;
 
 		case LIMIT_INWINDOW:
+
 			if (ScanDirectionIsForward(direction))
 			{
 				/*
@@ -130,6 +142,32 @@ ExecLimit(PlanState *pstate)
 				 * advancing the subplan or the position variable; but change
 				 * the state machine state to record having done so.
 				 */
+
+				/*
+				 * When in percentage mode, we need to see if we can get any
+				 * additional rows from the subplan (enough to increase the
+				 * node->count value).
+				 */
+				if (node->limitOption == PERCENTAGE)
+				{
+					/* loop until the node->count increments */
+					while (node->position - node->offset >= node->count)
+					{
+						int64	cnt;
+
+						slot = ExecProcNode(outerPlan);
+						if (TupIsNull(slot))
+							break;
+
+						tuplestore_puttupleslot(node->totalTuple, slot);
+
+						/* plus 1, because the first tuple is returned from LIMIT_RESCAN */
+						cnt = 1 + tuplestore_tuple_count(node->totalTuple);
+
+						node->count = ceil(node->percent * cnt / 100.0);
+					}
+				}
+
 				if (!node->noCount &&
 					node->position - node->offset >= node->count)
 				{
@@ -145,6 +183,20 @@ ExecLimit(PlanState *pstate)
 					return NULL;
 				}
 
+				if (node->limitOption == PERCENTAGE)
+				{
+					while (node->position - node->offset < node->count)
+					{
+						if (tuplestore_gettupleslot(node->totalTuple, true, true, slot))
+						{
+							node->subSlot = slot;
+							node->position++;
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				else if (node->limitOption == EXACT_NUMBER)
+				{
+
 				/*
 				 * Get next tuple from subplan, if any.
 				 */
@@ -156,6 +208,7 @@ ExecLimit(PlanState *pstate)
 				}
 				node->subSlot = slot;
 				node->position++;
+				}
 			}
 			else
 			{
@@ -278,17 +331,29 @@ recompute_limits(LimitState *node)
 		/* Interpret NULL count as no count (LIMIT ALL) */
 		if (isNull)
 		{
-			node->count = 0;
+			node->count = 1;
 			node->noCount = true;
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			node->count = DatumGetInt64(val);
-			if (node->count < 0)
-				ereport(ERROR,
-						(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_ROW_COUNT_IN_LIMIT_CLAUSE),
-						 errmsg("LIMIT must not be negative")));
-			node->noCount = false;
+			if (node->limitOption == PERCENTAGE)
+			{
+				/*
+				 * We expect to return at least one row (unless there
+				 * are no rows in the subplan), and we'll update this
+				 * count later as we go.
+				 */
+				node->count = 0;
+				node->percent = DatumGetFloat8(val);
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				node->count = DatumGetInt64(val);
+				if (node->count < 0)
+					ereport(ERROR,
+							(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_ROW_COUNT_IN_LIMIT_CLAUSE),
+							 errmsg("LIMIT must not be negative")));
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	else
@@ -311,7 +376,8 @@ recompute_limits(LimitState *node)
 	 * must update the child node anyway, in case this is a rescan and the
 	 * previous time we got a different result.
 	 */
-	ExecSetTupleBound(compute_tuples_needed(node), outerPlanState(node));
+	if (node->limitOption == EXACT_NUMBER)
+		ExecSetTupleBound(compute_tuples_needed(node), outerPlanState(node));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -374,6 +440,9 @@ ExecInitLimit(Limit *node, EState *estate, int eflags)
 										   (PlanState *) limitstate);
 	limitstate->limitCount = ExecInitExpr((Expr *) node->limitCount,
 										  (PlanState *) limitstate);
+	limitstate->limitOption = node->limitOption;
+	if (node->limitOption == PERCENTAGE)
+		limitstate->totalTuple= tuplestore_begin_heap(true, false, work_mem);
 
 	/*
 	 * Initialize result type.
@@ -405,6 +474,8 @@ ExecEndLimit(LimitState *node)
 {
 	ExecFreeExprContext(&node->ps);
 	ExecEndNode(outerPlanState(node));
+	if (node->totalTuple!= NULL)
+		tuplestore_end(node->totalTuple);
 }
 
 
@@ -424,4 +495,6 @@ ExecReScanLimit(LimitState *node)
 	 */
 	if (node->ps.lefttree->chgParam == NULL)
 		ExecReScan(node->ps.lefttree);
+	if (node->totalTuple!= NULL)
+		tuplestore_rescan(node->totalTuple);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 3eb7e95d64..16afcac059 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -1136,6 +1136,7 @@ _copyLimit(const Limit *from)
 	 */
 	COPY_NODE_FIELD(limitOffset);
 	COPY_NODE_FIELD(limitCount);
+	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(limitOption);
 
 	return newnode;
 }
@@ -3021,6 +3022,7 @@ _copyQuery(const Query *from)
 	COPY_NODE_FIELD(sortClause);
 	COPY_NODE_FIELD(limitOffset);
 	COPY_NODE_FIELD(limitCount);
+	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(limitOption);
 	COPY_NODE_FIELD(rowMarks);
 	COPY_NODE_FIELD(setOperations);
 	COPY_NODE_FIELD(constraintDeps);
@@ -3105,6 +3107,7 @@ _copySelectStmt(const SelectStmt *from)
 	COPY_NODE_FIELD(sortClause);
 	COPY_NODE_FIELD(limitOffset);
 	COPY_NODE_FIELD(limitCount);
+	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(limitOption);
 	COPY_NODE_FIELD(lockingClause);
 	COPY_NODE_FIELD(withClause);
 	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(op);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index 5c4fa7d077..617fd846d6 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -974,6 +974,7 @@ _equalQuery(const Query *a, const Query *b)
 	COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(sortClause);
 	COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(limitOffset);
 	COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(limitCount);
+	COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(limitOption);
 	COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(rowMarks);
 	COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(setOperations);
 	COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(constraintDeps);
@@ -1048,6 +1049,7 @@ _equalSelectStmt(const SelectStmt *a, const SelectStmt *b)
 	COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(sortClause);
 	COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(limitOffset);
 	COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(limitCount);
+	COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(limitOption);
 	COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(lockingClause);
 	COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(withClause);
 	COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(op);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 0fde876c77..1a53068fe2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -900,6 +900,7 @@ _outLimit(StringInfo str, const Limit *node)
 
 	WRITE_NODE_FIELD(limitOffset);
 	WRITE_NODE_FIELD(limitCount);
+	WRITE_ENUM_FIELD(limitOption, LimitOption);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -2099,6 +2100,7 @@ _outLimitPath(StringInfo str, const LimitPath *node)
 	WRITE_NODE_FIELD(subpath);
 	WRITE_NODE_FIELD(limitOffset);
 	WRITE_NODE_FIELD(limitCount);
+	WRITE_ENUM_FIELD(limitOption, LimitOption);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -2680,6 +2682,7 @@ _outSelectStmt(StringInfo str, const SelectStmt *node)
 	WRITE_NODE_FIELD(sortClause);
 	WRITE_NODE_FIELD(limitOffset);
 	WRITE_NODE_FIELD(limitCount);
+	WRITE_ENUM_FIELD(limitOption, LimitOption);
 	WRITE_NODE_FIELD(lockingClause);
 	WRITE_NODE_FIELD(withClause);
 	WRITE_ENUM_FIELD(op, SetOperation);
@@ -2889,6 +2892,7 @@ _outQuery(StringInfo str, const Query *node)
 	WRITE_NODE_FIELD(sortClause);
 	WRITE_NODE_FIELD(limitOffset);
 	WRITE_NODE_FIELD(limitCount);
+	WRITE_ENUM_FIELD(limitOption, LimitOption);
 	WRITE_NODE_FIELD(rowMarks);
 	WRITE_NODE_FIELD(setOperations);
 	WRITE_NODE_FIELD(constraintDeps);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/readfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/readfuncs.c
index ec6f2569ab..1efd54f900 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/readfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/readfuncs.c
@@ -278,6 +278,7 @@ _readQuery(void)
 	READ_NODE_FIELD(sortClause);
 	READ_NODE_FIELD(limitOffset);
 	READ_NODE_FIELD(limitCount);
+	READ_ENUM_FIELD(limitOption, LimitOption);
 	READ_NODE_FIELD(rowMarks);
 	READ_NODE_FIELD(setOperations);
 	READ_NODE_FIELD(constraintDeps);
@@ -2320,6 +2321,7 @@ _readLimit(void)
 
 	READ_NODE_FIELD(limitOffset);
 	READ_NODE_FIELD(limitCount);
+	READ_ENUM_FIELD(limitOption, LimitOption);
 
 	READ_DONE();
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/optimizer/plan/createplan.c b/src/backend/optimizer/plan/createplan.c
index 97d0c28132..0e5eed5807 100644
--- a/src/backend/optimizer/plan/createplan.c
+++ b/src/backend/optimizer/plan/createplan.c
@@ -2155,7 +2155,8 @@ create_minmaxagg_plan(PlannerInfo *root, MinMaxAggPath *best_path)
 
 		plan = (Plan *) make_limit(plan,
 								   subparse->limitOffset,
-								   subparse->limitCount);
+								   subparse->limitCount,
+								   subparse->limitOption);
 
 		/* Must apply correct cost/width data to Limit node */
 		plan->startup_cost = mminfo->path->startup_cost;
@@ -2460,7 +2461,8 @@ create_limit_plan(PlannerInfo *root, LimitPath *best_path, int flags)
 
 	plan = make_limit(subplan,
 					  best_path->limitOffset,
-					  best_path->limitCount);
+					  best_path->limitCount,
+					  best_path->limitOption);
 
 	copy_generic_path_info(&plan->plan, (Path *) best_path);
 
@@ -6325,7 +6327,7 @@ make_lockrows(Plan *lefttree, List *rowMarks, int epqParam)
  *	  Build a Limit plan node
  */
 Limit *
-make_limit(Plan *lefttree, Node *limitOffset, Node *limitCount)
+make_limit(Plan *lefttree, Node *limitOffset, Node *limitCount, LimitOption limitOption)
 {
 	Limit	   *node = makeNode(Limit);
 	Plan	   *plan = &node->plan;
@@ -6337,6 +6339,7 @@ make_limit(Plan *lefttree, Node *limitOffset, Node *limitCount)
 
 	node->limitOffset = limitOffset;
 	node->limitCount = limitCount;
+	node->limitOption = limitOption;
 
 	return node;
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/optimizer/plan/planner.c b/src/backend/optimizer/plan/planner.c
index 4465f002c8..146eb7ca28 100644
--- a/src/backend/optimizer/plan/planner.c
+++ b/src/backend/optimizer/plan/planner.c
@@ -2077,12 +2077,20 @@ grouping_planner(PlannerInfo *root, bool inheritance_update,
 	 */
 	if (parse->sortClause)
 	{
-		current_rel = create_ordered_paths(root,
-										   current_rel,
-										   final_target,
-										   final_target_parallel_safe,
-										   have_postponed_srfs ? -1.0 :
-										   limit_tuples);
+		if (parse->limitOption == PERCENTAGE)
+			current_rel = create_ordered_paths(root,
+											   current_rel,
+											   final_target,
+											   final_target_parallel_safe,
+											   have_postponed_srfs ? -1.0 :
+											   -1.0);
+		else
+			current_rel = create_ordered_paths(root,
+											   current_rel,
+											   final_target,
+											   final_target_parallel_safe,
+											   have_postponed_srfs ? -1.0 :
+											   limit_tuples);
 		/* Fix things up if final_target contains SRFs */
 		if (parse->hasTargetSRFs)
 			adjust_paths_for_srfs(root, current_rel,
@@ -2145,6 +2153,7 @@ grouping_planner(PlannerInfo *root, bool inheritance_update,
 			path = (Path *) create_limit_path(root, final_rel, path,
 											  parse->limitOffset,
 											  parse->limitCount,
+											  parse->limitOption,
 											  offset_est, count_est);
 		}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/optimizer/util/pathnode.c b/src/backend/optimizer/util/pathnode.c
index b2637d0e89..5cb2c115ed 100644
--- a/src/backend/optimizer/util/pathnode.c
+++ b/src/backend/optimizer/util/pathnode.c
@@ -3411,6 +3411,7 @@ LimitPath *
 create_limit_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
 				  Path *subpath,
 				  Node *limitOffset, Node *limitCount,
+				  LimitOption limitOption,
 				  int64 offset_est, int64 count_est)
 {
 	LimitPath  *pathnode = makeNode(LimitPath);
@@ -3432,6 +3433,7 @@ create_limit_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
 	pathnode->subpath = subpath;
 	pathnode->limitOffset = limitOffset;
 	pathnode->limitCount = limitCount;
+	pathnode->limitOption = limitOption;
 
 	/*
 	 * Adjust the output rows count and costs according to the offset/limit.
@@ -3473,9 +3475,21 @@ create_limit_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
 			count_rows = (double) count_est;
 		else
 			count_rows = clamp_row_est(subpath->rows * 0.10);
+		if (limitOption == PERCENTAGE)
+		{
+			double  per_count = DatumGetFloat8(count_est);
+			count_rows = clamp_row_est((subpath->rows * per_count) / 100);
+			if (subpath->rows > 0)
+			{
+				pathnode->path.startup_cost = (count_rows *
+					subpath->total_cost) / subpath->rows;
+				pathnode->path.total_cost = subpath->total_cost +
+					(count_rows * 0.1);
+			}
+		}
 		if (count_rows > pathnode->path.rows)
 			count_rows = pathnode->path.rows;
-		if (subpath->rows > 0)
+		if (subpath->rows > 0 && limitOption == EXACT_NUMBER)
 			pathnode->path.total_cost = pathnode->path.startup_cost +
 				(subpath->total_cost - subpath->startup_cost)
 				* count_rows / subpath->rows;
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/analyze.c b/src/backend/parser/analyze.c
index 8f96558b3d..0e47758eb3 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/analyze.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/analyze.c
@@ -1300,10 +1300,11 @@ transformSelectStmt(ParseState *pstate, SelectStmt *stmt)
 	}
 
 	/* transform LIMIT */
-	qry->limitOffset = transformLimitClause(pstate, stmt->limitOffset,
+	qry->limitOffset = transformLimitClause(pstate, stmt->limitOffset, stmt->limitOption,
 											EXPR_KIND_OFFSET, "OFFSET");
-	qry->limitCount = transformLimitClause(pstate, stmt->limitCount,
+	qry->limitCount = transformLimitClause(pstate, stmt->limitCount, stmt->limitOption,
 										   EXPR_KIND_LIMIT, "LIMIT");
+	qry->limitOption = stmt->limitOption;
 
 	/* transform window clauses after we have seen all window functions */
 	qry->windowClause = transformWindowDefinitions(pstate,
@@ -1548,10 +1549,11 @@ transformValuesClause(ParseState *pstate, SelectStmt *stmt)
 										  EXPR_KIND_ORDER_BY,
 										  false /* allow SQL92 rules */ );
 
-	qry->limitOffset = transformLimitClause(pstate, stmt->limitOffset,
+	qry->limitOffset = transformLimitClause(pstate, stmt->limitOffset, stmt->limitOption,
 											EXPR_KIND_OFFSET, "OFFSET");
-	qry->limitCount = transformLimitClause(pstate, stmt->limitCount,
+	qry->limitCount = transformLimitClause(pstate, stmt->limitCount, stmt->limitOption,
 										   EXPR_KIND_LIMIT, "LIMIT");
+	qry->limitOption = stmt->limitOption;
 
 	if (stmt->lockingClause)
 		ereport(ERROR,
@@ -1783,10 +1785,11 @@ transformSetOperationStmt(ParseState *pstate, SelectStmt *stmt)
 				 parser_errposition(pstate,
 									exprLocation(list_nth(qry->targetList, tllen)))));
 
-	qry->limitOffset = transformLimitClause(pstate, limitOffset,
+	qry->limitOffset = transformLimitClause(pstate, limitOffset, stmt->limitOption,
 											EXPR_KIND_OFFSET, "OFFSET");
-	qry->limitCount = transformLimitClause(pstate, limitCount,
+	qry->limitCount = transformLimitClause(pstate, limitCount, stmt->limitOption,
 										   EXPR_KIND_LIMIT, "LIMIT");
+	qry->limitOption = stmt->limitOption;
 
 	qry->rtable = pstate->p_rtable;
 	qry->jointree = makeFromExpr(pstate->p_joinlist, NULL);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index d8a3c2d4cc..1abe076fa4 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -164,6 +164,7 @@ static List *makeOrderedSetArgs(List *directargs, List *orderedargs,
 static void insertSelectOptions(SelectStmt *stmt,
 								List *sortClause, List *lockingClause,
 								Node *limitOffset, Node *limitCount,
+								void *limitOption,
 								WithClause *withClause,
 								core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
 static Node *makeSetOp(SetOperation op, bool all, Node *larg, Node *rarg);
@@ -387,7 +388,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
 				target_list opt_target_list insert_column_list set_target_list
 				set_clause_list set_clause
 				def_list operator_def_list indirection opt_indirection
-				reloption_list group_clause TriggerFuncArgs select_limit
+				reloption_list group_clause TriggerFuncArgs select_limit limit_clause
 				opt_select_limit opclass_item_list opclass_drop_list
 				opclass_purpose opt_opfamily transaction_mode_list_or_empty
 				OptTableFuncElementList TableFuncElementList opt_type_modifiers
@@ -449,7 +450,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
 				comment_type_any_name comment_type_name
 				security_label_type_any_name security_label_type_name
 
-%type <node>	fetch_args limit_clause select_limit_value
+%type <node>	fetch_args select_limit_value
 				offset_clause select_offset_value
 				select_fetch_first_value I_or_F_const
 %type <ival>	row_or_rows first_or_next
@@ -662,7 +663,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
 	ORDER ORDINALITY OTHERS OUT_P OUTER_P
 	OVER OVERLAPS OVERLAY OVERRIDING OWNED OWNER
 
-	PARALLEL PARSER PARTIAL PARTITION PASSING PASSWORD PLACING PLANS POLICY
+	PARALLEL PARSER PARTIAL PARTITION PASSING PASSWORD PERCENT PLACING PLANS POLICY
 	POSITION PRECEDING PRECISION PRESERVE PREPARE PREPARED PRIMARY
 	PRIOR PRIVILEGES PROCEDURAL PROCEDURE PROCEDURES PROGRAM PUBLICATION
 
@@ -11191,7 +11192,7 @@ select_no_parens:
 			| select_clause sort_clause
 				{
 					insertSelectOptions((SelectStmt *) $1, $2, NIL,
-										NULL, NULL, NULL,
+										NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
 										yyscanner);
 					$$ = $1;
 				}
@@ -11199,6 +11200,7 @@ select_no_parens:
 				{
 					insertSelectOptions((SelectStmt *) $1, $2, $3,
 										list_nth($4, 0), list_nth($4, 1),
+										(list_nth($4, 2)),
 										NULL,
 										yyscanner);
 					$$ = $1;
@@ -11207,6 +11209,7 @@ select_no_parens:
 				{
 					insertSelectOptions((SelectStmt *) $1, $2, $4,
 										list_nth($3, 0), list_nth($3, 1),
+										list_nth($3, 2),
 										NULL,
 										yyscanner);
 					$$ = $1;
@@ -11215,7 +11218,7 @@ select_no_parens:
 				{
 					insertSelectOptions((SelectStmt *) $2, NULL, NIL,
 										NULL, NULL,
-										$1,
+										NULL, $1,
 										yyscanner);
 					$$ = $2;
 				}
@@ -11223,7 +11226,7 @@ select_no_parens:
 				{
 					insertSelectOptions((SelectStmt *) $2, $3, NIL,
 										NULL, NULL,
-										$1,
+										NULL, $1,
 										yyscanner);
 					$$ = $2;
 				}
@@ -11231,6 +11234,7 @@ select_no_parens:
 				{
 					insertSelectOptions((SelectStmt *) $2, $3, $4,
 										list_nth($5, 0), list_nth($5, 1),
+										list_nth($5, 2),
 										$1,
 										yyscanner);
 					$$ = $2;
@@ -11239,6 +11243,7 @@ select_no_parens:
 				{
 					insertSelectOptions((SelectStmt *) $2, $3, $5,
 										list_nth($4, 0), list_nth($4, 1),
+										list_nth($4, 2),
 										$1,
 										yyscanner);
 					$$ = $2;
@@ -11525,20 +11530,20 @@ sortby:		a_expr USING qual_all_Op opt_nulls_order
 
 
 select_limit:
-			limit_clause offset_clause			{ $$ = list_make2($2, $1); }
-			| offset_clause limit_clause		{ $$ = list_make2($1, $2); }
-			| limit_clause						{ $$ = list_make2(NULL, $1); }
-			| offset_clause						{ $$ = list_make2($1, NULL); }
+			limit_clause offset_clause			{ $$ = list_make3($2, list_nth($1, 0), list_nth($1, 1)); }
+			| offset_clause limit_clause		{ $$ = list_make3($1, list_nth($2, 0), list_nth($2, 1)); }
+			| limit_clause						{ $$ = list_make3(NULL, list_nth($1, 0), list_nth($1, 1)); }
+			| offset_clause						{ $$ = list_make3($1, NULL, NULL); }
 		;
 
 opt_select_limit:
 			select_limit						{ $$ = $1; }
-			| /* EMPTY */						{ $$ = list_make2(NULL,NULL); }
+			| /* EMPTY */						{ $$ = list_make3(NULL, NULL, NULL); }
 		;
 
 limit_clause:
 			LIMIT select_limit_value
-				{ $$ = $2; }
+				{ $$ = list_make2($2, NULL); }
 			| LIMIT select_limit_value ',' select_offset_value
 				{
 					/* Disabled because it was too confusing, bjm 2002-02-18 */
@@ -11556,9 +11561,11 @@ limit_clause:
 			 * we can see the ONLY token in the lookahead slot.
 			 */
 			| FETCH first_or_next select_fetch_first_value row_or_rows ONLY
-				{ $$ = $3; }
+				{ $$ = list_make2($3, makeString("EXACT_NUMBER")); }
+			| FETCH first_or_next select_fetch_first_value  PERCENT row_or_rows ONLY
+				{ $$ = list_make2($3, makeString("PERCENTAGE")); }
 			| FETCH first_or_next row_or_rows ONLY
-				{ $$ = makeIntConst(1, -1); }
+				{ $$ = list_make2(makeIntConst(1, -1), NULL); }
 		;
 
 offset_clause:
@@ -15425,6 +15432,7 @@ reserved_keyword:
 			| ONLY
 			| OR
 			| ORDER
+			| PERCENT
 			| PLACING
 			| PRIMARY
 			| REFERENCES
@@ -15808,6 +15816,7 @@ static void
 insertSelectOptions(SelectStmt *stmt,
 					List *sortClause, List *lockingClause,
 					Node *limitOffset, Node *limitCount,
+					void *limitOption,
 					WithClause *withClause,
 					core_yyscan_t yyscanner)
 {
@@ -15846,6 +15855,17 @@ insertSelectOptions(SelectStmt *stmt,
 					 parser_errposition(exprLocation(limitCount))));
 		stmt->limitCount = limitCount;
 	}
+	if (limitOption)
+	{
+		if (stmt->limitOption)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
+					 errmsg("multiple LIMIT options not allowed")));
+		if (strcmp(strVal(limitOption), "PERCENTAGE") == 0)
+			stmt->limitOption = PERCENTAGE;
+		else
+			stmt->limitOption = EXACT_NUMBER;
+	}
 	if (withClause)
 	{
 		if (stmt->withClause)
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_clause.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_clause.c
index 8805543da7..5876d092b5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_clause.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_clause.c
@@ -1708,7 +1708,7 @@ transformWhereClause(ParseState *pstate, Node *clause,
  * constructName does not affect the semantics, but is used in error messages
  */
 Node *
-transformLimitClause(ParseState *pstate, Node *clause,
+transformLimitClause(ParseState *pstate, Node *clause, LimitOption limitOption,
 					 ParseExprKind exprKind, const char *constructName)
 {
 	Node	   *qual;
@@ -1717,8 +1717,10 @@ transformLimitClause(ParseState *pstate, Node *clause,
 		return NULL;
 
 	qual = transformExpr(pstate, clause, exprKind);
-
-	qual = coerce_to_specific_type(pstate, qual, INT8OID, constructName);
+	if (limitOption == PERCENTAGE && (strcmp(constructName, "LIMIT") == 0))
+		qual = coerce_to_specific_type(pstate, qual, FLOAT8OID, constructName);
+	else
+		qual = coerce_to_specific_type(pstate, qual, INT8OID, constructName);
 
 	/* LIMIT can't refer to any variables of the current query */
 	checkExprIsVarFree(pstate, qual, constructName);
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/execnodes.h b/src/include/nodes/execnodes.h
index 7cae085177..911f6c4021 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/execnodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/execnodes.h
@@ -2287,8 +2287,11 @@ typedef struct LimitState
 	PlanState	ps;				/* its first field is NodeTag */
 	ExprState  *limitOffset;	/* OFFSET parameter, or NULL if none */
 	ExprState  *limitCount;		/* COUNT parameter, or NULL if none */
+	LimitOption  limitOption;		/* limit specification type */
 	int64		offset;			/* current OFFSET value */
 	int64		count;			/* current COUNT, if any */
+	float8		percent;		/* percentage */
+	Tuplestorestate *totalTuple;		/* total number of row outer node return */
 	bool		noCount;		/* if true, ignore count */
 	LimitStateCond lstate;		/* state machine status, as above */
 	int64		position;		/* 1-based index of last tuple returned */
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/nodes.h b/src/include/nodes/nodes.h
index 10dac60cd3..7065771adc 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/nodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/nodes.h
@@ -814,4 +814,16 @@ typedef enum OnConflictAction
 	ONCONFLICT_UPDATE			/* ON CONFLICT ... DO UPDATE */
 } OnConflictAction;
 
+/*
+ * LimitOption -
+ *	  LIMIT option of query
+ *
+ * This is needed in both parsenodes.h and plannodes.h, so put it here...
+ */
+typedef enum LimitOption
+{
+	EXACT_NUMBER,			/* LIMIT in exact number of rows */
+	PERCENTAGE			/* LIMIT in percentage */
+} LimitOption;
+
 #endif							/* NODES_H */
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index addc2c2ec7..f861bc4da4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -159,6 +159,7 @@ typedef struct Query
 
 	Node	   *limitOffset;	/* # of result tuples to skip (int8 expr) */
 	Node	   *limitCount;		/* # of result tuples to return (int8 expr) */
+	LimitOption	   limitOption;		/* limit type */
 
 	List	   *rowMarks;		/* a list of RowMarkClause's */
 
@@ -1572,6 +1573,7 @@ typedef struct SelectStmt
 	List	   *sortClause;		/* sort clause (a list of SortBy's) */
 	Node	   *limitOffset;	/* # of result tuples to skip */
 	Node	   *limitCount;		/* # of result tuples to return */
+	LimitOption	   limitOption;		/* limit type */
 	List	   *lockingClause;	/* FOR UPDATE (list of LockingClause's) */
 	WithClause *withClause;		/* WITH clause */
 
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/plannodes.h b/src/include/nodes/plannodes.h
index 6d087c268f..1cdfa706df 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/plannodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/plannodes.h
@@ -946,6 +946,7 @@ typedef struct Limit
 	Plan		plan;
 	Node	   *limitOffset;	/* OFFSET parameter, or NULL if none */
 	Node	   *limitCount;		/* COUNT parameter, or NULL if none */
+	LimitOption	   limitOption;		/* LIMIT in percentage or  exact number */
 } Limit;
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/relation.h b/src/include/nodes/relation.h
index 3430061361..f789ee4b79 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/relation.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/relation.h
@@ -1737,6 +1737,7 @@ typedef struct LimitPath
 	Path	   *subpath;		/* path representing input source */
 	Node	   *limitOffset;	/* OFFSET parameter, or NULL if none */
 	Node	   *limitCount;		/* COUNT parameter, or NULL if none */
+	LimitOption	   limitOption;		/* LIMIT in percentage or  exact number */
 } LimitPath;
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/optimizer/pathnode.h b/src/include/optimizer/pathnode.h
index bd905d3328..303501a14c 100644
--- a/src/include/optimizer/pathnode.h
+++ b/src/include/optimizer/pathnode.h
@@ -248,6 +248,7 @@ extern ModifyTablePath *create_modifytable_path(PlannerInfo *root,
 extern LimitPath *create_limit_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
 				  Path *subpath,
 				  Node *limitOffset, Node *limitCount,
+				  LimitOption limitOption,
 				  int64 offset_est, int64 count_est);
 
 extern Path *reparameterize_path(PlannerInfo *root, Path *path,
diff --git a/src/include/optimizer/planmain.h b/src/include/optimizer/planmain.h
index bec0c38617..1932df1517 100644
--- a/src/include/optimizer/planmain.h
+++ b/src/include/optimizer/planmain.h
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ extern Agg *make_agg(List *tlist, List *qual,
 		 int numGroupCols, AttrNumber *grpColIdx, Oid *grpOperators,
 		 List *groupingSets, List *chain,
 		 double dNumGroups, Plan *lefttree);
-extern Limit *make_limit(Plan *lefttree, Node *limitOffset, Node *limitCount);
+extern Limit *make_limit(Plan *lefttree, Node *limitOffset, Node *limitCount, LimitOption limitOption);
 
 /*
  * prototypes for plan/initsplan.c
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index adeb834ce8..ab816083b7 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -299,6 +299,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("partial", PARTIAL, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("partition", PARTITION, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("passing", PASSING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("password", PASSWORD, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
+PG_KEYWORD("percent", PERCENT, RESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("placing", PLACING, RESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("plans", PLANS, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("policy", POLICY, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
diff --git a/src/include/parser/parse_clause.h b/src/include/parser/parse_clause.h
index 179f3ab3c3..39a74c32d2 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/parse_clause.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/parse_clause.h
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ extern int setTargetTable(ParseState *pstate, RangeVar *relation,
 
 extern Node *transformWhereClause(ParseState *pstate, Node *clause,
 					 ParseExprKind exprKind, const char *constructName);
-extern Node *transformLimitClause(ParseState *pstate, Node *clause,
+extern Node *transformLimitClause(ParseState *pstate, Node *clause, LimitOption limitOption,
 					 ParseExprKind exprKind, const char *constructName);
 extern List *transformGroupClause(ParseState *pstate, List *grouplist,
 					 List **groupingSets,
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_ddl_deparse/expected/create_table.out b/src/test/modules/test_ddl_deparse/expected/create_table.out
index 2d7dfd533e..eb04e36aac 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_ddl_deparse/expected/create_table.out
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_ddl_deparse/expected/create_table.out
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ CREATE TABLE student (
 ) INHERITS (person);
 NOTICE:  DDL test: type simple, tag CREATE TABLE
 CREATE TABLE stud_emp (
-	percent 	int4
+	"percent" 	int4
 ) INHERITS (emp, student);
 NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "id"
 NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "name"
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_ddl_deparse/sql/create_table.sql b/src/test/modules/test_ddl_deparse/sql/create_table.sql
index dd3a908638..f158dd4296 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_ddl_deparse/sql/create_table.sql
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_ddl_deparse/sql/create_table.sql
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ CREATE TABLE student (
 ) INHERITS (person);
 
 CREATE TABLE stud_emp (
-	percent 	int4
+	"percent" 	int4
 ) INHERITS (emp, student);
 
 
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/create_table.out b/src/test/regress/expected/create_table.out
index 7e52c27e3f..a30bfa919c 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/create_table.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/create_table.out
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ CREATE TABLE student (
 	gpa 		float8
 ) INHERITS (person);
 CREATE TABLE stud_emp (
-	percent 	int4
+	"percent" 	int4
 ) INHERITS (emp, student);
 NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "name"
 NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "age"
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/create_table.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/create_table.sql
index a2cae9663c..ed94b78978 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/sql/create_table.sql
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/create_table.sql
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ CREATE TABLE student (
 
 
 CREATE TABLE stud_emp (
-	percent 	int4
+	"percent" 	int4
 ) INHERITS (emp, student);
 
 

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