I wrote:
> I tried fixing this
> http://archives.postgresql.org/pgsql-general/2009-01/msg00030.php
> by inserting SPI_push/SPI_pop calls around plperl's use of
> InputFunctionCall and OutputFunctionCall ...

> I also thought about attacking the problem by having InputFunctionCall
> and OutputFunctionCall automatically do SPI_push/SPI_pop if they are
> called within an active SPI context.  I don't like this approach too
> much because it seems likely to mask bugs as often as fix them.  (In
> particular I'd be afraid to back-patch such a change.)  It might be the
> cleanest solution overall, though, particularly when you consider that
> we've probably got similar issues in pltcl, plpython, and add-on PLs.

I've done a trial patch along the second line, and on the whole I think
it's probably far safer than sprinkling the system with SPI_push/SPI_pop
calls.  Comments?

                        regards, tom lane

Index: src/backend/executor/spi.c
===================================================================
RCS file: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/executor/spi.c,v
retrieving revision 1.204
diff -c -r1.204 spi.c
*** src/backend/executor/spi.c  2 Jan 2009 20:42:00 -0000       1.204
--- src/backend/executor/spi.c  6 Jan 2009 18:40:54 -0000
***************
*** 296,301 ****
--- 296,326 ----
        _SPI_curid--;
  }
  
+ /* Conditional push: push only if we're inside a SPI procedure */
+ bool
+ SPI_push_conditional(void)
+ {
+       bool    pushed = (_SPI_curid != _SPI_connected);
+ 
+       if (pushed)
+       {
+               _SPI_curid++;
+               /* We should now be in a state where SPI_connect would succeed 
*/
+               Assert(_SPI_curid == _SPI_connected);
+       }
+       return pushed;
+ }
+ 
+ /* Conditional pop: pop only if SPI_push_conditional pushed */
+ void
+ SPI_pop_conditional(bool pushed)
+ {
+       /* We should be in a state where SPI_connect would succeed */
+       Assert(_SPI_curid == _SPI_connected);
+       if (pushed)
+               _SPI_curid--;
+ }
+ 
  /* Restore state of SPI stack after aborting a subtransaction */
  void
  SPI_restore_connection(void)
Index: src/backend/utils/fmgr/fmgr.c
===================================================================
RCS file: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/fmgr/fmgr.c,v
retrieving revision 1.124
diff -c -r1.124 fmgr.c
*** src/backend/utils/fmgr/fmgr.c       1 Jan 2009 17:23:51 -0000       1.124
--- src/backend/utils/fmgr/fmgr.c       6 Jan 2009 18:40:55 -0000
***************
*** 1846,1861 ****
--- 1851,1875 ----
   * the caller should assume the result is NULL, but we'll call the input
   * function anyway if it's not strict.  So this is almost but not quite
   * the same as FunctionCall3.
+  *
+  * One important difference from the bare function call is that we will
+  * push any active SPI context, allowing SPI-using I/O functions to be
+  * called from other SPI functions without extra notation.  This is a hack,
+  * but the alternative of expecting all SPI functions to do SPI_push/SPI_pop
+  * around I/O calls seems worse.
   */
  Datum
  InputFunctionCall(FmgrInfo *flinfo, char *str, Oid typioparam, int32 typmod)
  {
        FunctionCallInfoData fcinfo;
        Datum           result;
+       bool            pushed;
  
        if (str == NULL && flinfo->fn_strict)
                return (Datum) 0;               /* just return null result */
  
+       pushed = SPI_push_conditional();
+ 
        InitFunctionCallInfoData(fcinfo, flinfo, 3, NULL, NULL);
  
        fcinfo.arg[0] = CStringGetDatum(str);
***************
*** 1881,1886 ****
--- 1895,1902 ----
                                 fcinfo.flinfo->fn_oid);
        }
  
+       SPI_pop_conditional(pushed);
+ 
        return result;
  }
  
***************
*** 1889,1901 ****
   *
   * Do not call this on NULL datums.
   *
!  * This is mere window dressing for FunctionCall1, but its use is recommended
!  * anyway so that code invoking output functions can be identified easily.
   */
  char *
  OutputFunctionCall(FmgrInfo *flinfo, Datum val)
  {
!       return DatumGetCString(FunctionCall1(flinfo, val));
  }
  
  /*
--- 1905,1926 ----
   *
   * Do not call this on NULL datums.
   *
!  * This is almost just window dressing for FunctionCall1, but it includes
!  * SPI context pushing for the same reasons as InputFunctionCall.
   */
  char *
  OutputFunctionCall(FmgrInfo *flinfo, Datum val)
  {
!       char       *result;
!       bool            pushed;
! 
!       pushed = SPI_push_conditional();
! 
!       result = DatumGetCString(FunctionCall1(flinfo, val));
! 
!       SPI_pop_conditional(pushed);
! 
!       return result;
  }
  
  /*
***************
*** 1904,1910 ****
   * "buf" may be NULL to indicate we are reading a NULL.  In this case
   * the caller should assume the result is NULL, but we'll call the receive
   * function anyway if it's not strict.  So this is almost but not quite
!  * the same as FunctionCall3.
   */
  Datum
  ReceiveFunctionCall(FmgrInfo *flinfo, StringInfo buf,
--- 1929,1936 ----
   * "buf" may be NULL to indicate we are reading a NULL.  In this case
   * the caller should assume the result is NULL, but we'll call the receive
   * function anyway if it's not strict.  So this is almost but not quite
!  * the same as FunctionCall3.  Also, this includes SPI context pushing for
!  * the same reasons as InputFunctionCall.
   */
  Datum
  ReceiveFunctionCall(FmgrInfo *flinfo, StringInfo buf,
***************
*** 1912,1921 ****
--- 1938,1950 ----
  {
        FunctionCallInfoData fcinfo;
        Datum           result;
+       bool            pushed;
  
        if (buf == NULL && flinfo->fn_strict)
                return (Datum) 0;               /* just return null result */
  
+       pushed = SPI_push_conditional();
+ 
        InitFunctionCallInfoData(fcinfo, flinfo, 3, NULL, NULL);
  
        fcinfo.arg[0] = PointerGetDatum(buf);
***************
*** 1941,1946 ****
--- 1970,1977 ----
                                 fcinfo.flinfo->fn_oid);
        }
  
+       SPI_pop_conditional(pushed);
+ 
        return result;
  }
  
***************
*** 1949,1962 ****
   *
   * Do not call this on NULL datums.
   *
!  * This is little more than window dressing for FunctionCall1, but its use is
!  * recommended anyway so that code invoking output functions can be identified
!  * easily.    Note however that it does guarantee a non-toasted result.
   */
  bytea *
  SendFunctionCall(FmgrInfo *flinfo, Datum val)
  {
!       return DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCall1(flinfo, val));
  }
  
  /*
--- 1980,2003 ----
   *
   * Do not call this on NULL datums.
   *
!  * This is little more than window dressing for FunctionCall1, but it does
!  * guarantee a non-toasted result, which strictly speaking the underlying
!  * function doesn't.  Also, this includes SPI context pushing for the same
!  * reasons as InputFunctionCall.
   */
  bytea *
  SendFunctionCall(FmgrInfo *flinfo, Datum val)
  {
!       bytea      *result;
!       bool            pushed;
! 
!       pushed = SPI_push_conditional();
! 
!       result = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCall1(flinfo, val));
! 
!       SPI_pop_conditional(pushed);
! 
!       return result;
  }
  
  /*
Index: src/include/executor/spi.h
===================================================================
RCS file: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/include/executor/spi.h,v
retrieving revision 1.68
diff -c -r1.68 spi.h
*** src/include/executor/spi.h  1 Jan 2009 17:23:59 -0000       1.68
--- src/include/executor/spi.h  6 Jan 2009 18:40:55 -0000
***************
*** 93,98 ****
--- 93,100 ----
  extern int    SPI_finish(void);
  extern void SPI_push(void);
  extern void SPI_pop(void);
+ extern bool SPI_push_conditional(void);
+ extern void SPI_pop_conditional(bool pushed);
  extern void SPI_restore_connection(void);
  extern int    SPI_execute(const char *src, bool read_only, long tcount);
  extern int SPI_execute_plan(SPIPlanPtr plan, Datum *Values, const char *Nulls,
Index: src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_exec.c
===================================================================
RCS file: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_exec.c,v
retrieving revision 1.226
diff -c -r1.226 pl_exec.c
*** src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_exec.c        1 Jan 2009 17:24:03 -0000       1.226
--- src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_exec.c        6 Jan 2009 18:40:55 -0000
***************
*** 4689,4715 ****
  static char *
  convert_value_to_string(Datum value, Oid valtype)
  {
-       char       *str;
        Oid                     typoutput;
        bool            typIsVarlena;
  
        getTypeOutputInfo(valtype, &typoutput, &typIsVarlena);
! 
!       /*
!        * We do SPI_push to allow the datatype output function to use SPI.
!        * However we do not mess around with CommandCounterIncrement or 
advancing
!        * the snapshot, which means that a stable output function would not see
!        * updates made so far by our own function.  The use-case for such
!        * scenarios seems too narrow to justify the cycles that would be
!        * expended.
!        */
!       SPI_push();
! 
!       str = OidOutputFunctionCall(typoutput, value);
! 
!       SPI_pop();
! 
!       return str;
  }
  
  /* ----------
--- 4689,4699 ----
  static char *
  convert_value_to_string(Datum value, Oid valtype)
  {
        Oid                     typoutput;
        bool            typIsVarlena;
  
        getTypeOutputInfo(valtype, &typoutput, &typIsVarlena);
!       return OidOutputFunctionCall(typoutput, value);
  }
  
  /* ----------
***************
*** 4735,4759 ****
                        char       *extval;
  
                        extval = convert_value_to_string(value, valtype);
- 
-                       /* Allow input function to use SPI ... see notes above 
*/
-                       SPI_push();
- 
                        value = InputFunctionCall(reqinput, extval,
                                                                          
reqtypioparam, reqtypmod);
- 
-                       SPI_pop();
- 
                        pfree(extval);
                }
                else
                {
-                       SPI_push();
- 
                        value = InputFunctionCall(reqinput, NULL,
                                                                          
reqtypioparam, reqtypmod);
- 
-                       SPI_pop();
                }
        }
  
--- 4719,4732 ----
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