Hello. As a minimal implementation, I made an attempt that emit
NOTICE message when alter table affects foreign tables. It looks
like following,

| =# alter table passwd add column added int, add column added2 int;
| NOTICE:  This command affects foreign relation "cf1"
| NOTICE:  This command affects foreign relation "cf1"
| ALTER TABLE
| =# select * from passwd;
| ERROR:  missing data for column "added"
| CONTEXT:  COPY cf1, line 1: "root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash"
| =# 

This seems far better than silently performing the command,
except for the duplicated message:( New bitmap might required to
avoid the duplication..

I made the changes above and below as an attempt in the attached
patch foreign_inherit-v4.patch 

> I think the problem is foreign childs in inheritance tables
> prevents all menber in the inheritance relation from using
> parameterized paths, correct?
...
> Hmm. I tried minimal implementation to do that. This omits cost
> recalculation but seems to work as expected. This seems enough if
> cost recalc is trivial here.

Any comments?

regards,

-- 
Kyotaro Horiguchi
NTT Open Source Software Center
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 8ace8bd..b4e53c1 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -258,6 +258,17 @@ CREATE TABLE products (
    even if the value came from the default value definition.
   </para>
 
+  <note>
+   <para>
+    Note that constraints can be defined on foreign tables too, but such
+    constraints are not enforced on insert or update.  Those constraints are
+    "assertive", and work only to tell planner that some kind of optimization
+    such as constraint exclusion can be considerd.  This seems useless, but
+    allows us to use foriegn table as child table (see
+    <xref linkend="ddl-inherit">) to off-load to multiple servers.
+   </para>
+  </note>
+
   <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-check-constraints">
    <title>Check Constraints</title>
 
@@ -2017,8 +2028,8 @@ CREATE TABLE capitals (
   </para>
 
   <para>
-   In <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>, a table can inherit from
-   zero or more other tables, and a query can reference either all
+   In <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>, a table or foreign table can
+   inherit from zero or more other tables, and a query can reference either all
    rows of a table or all rows of a table plus all of its descendant tables.
    The latter behavior is the default.
    For example, the following query finds the names of all cities,
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_foreign_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_foreign_table.sgml
index 4d8cfc5..f7a382e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_foreign_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_foreign_table.sgml
@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ ALTER FOREIGN TABLE [ IF EXISTS ] <replaceable class="PARAMETER">name</replaceab
     ALTER [ COLUMN ] <replaceable class="PARAMETER">column_name</replaceable> SET ( <replaceable class="PARAMETER">attribute_option</replaceable> = <replaceable class="PARAMETER">value</replaceable> [, ... ] )
     ALTER [ COLUMN ] <replaceable class="PARAMETER">column_name</replaceable> RESET ( <replaceable class="PARAMETER">attribute_option</replaceable> [, ... ] )
     ALTER [ COLUMN ] <replaceable class="PARAMETER">column_name</replaceable> OPTIONS ( [ ADD | SET | DROP ] <replaceable class="PARAMETER">option</replaceable> ['<replaceable class="PARAMETER">value</replaceable>'] [, ... ])
+    INHERIT <replaceable class="PARAMETER">parent_table</replaceable>
+    NO INHERIT <replaceable class="PARAMETER">parent_table</replaceable>
     OWNER TO <replaceable class="PARAMETER">new_owner</replaceable>
     OPTIONS ( [ ADD | SET | DROP ] <replaceable class="PARAMETER">option</replaceable> ['<replaceable class="PARAMETER">value</replaceable>'] [, ... ])
 </synopsis>
@@ -178,6 +180,26 @@ ALTER FOREIGN TABLE [ IF EXISTS ] <replaceable class="PARAMETER">name</replaceab
    </varlistentry>
 
    <varlistentry>
+    <term><literal>INHERIT <replaceable class="PARAMETER">parent_table</replaceable></literal></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      This form adds the target foreign table as a new child of the specified
+      parent table.  The parent table must be a plain table.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><literal>NO INHERIT <replaceable class="PARAMETER">parent_table</replaceable></literal></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      This form removes the target foreign table from the list of children of
+      the specified parent table.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
     <term><literal>OPTIONS ( [ ADD | SET | DROP ] <replaceable class="PARAMETER">option</replaceable> ['<replaceable class="PARAMETER">value</replaceable>'] [, ... ] )</literal></term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
@@ -306,6 +328,16 @@ ALTER FOREIGN TABLE [ IF EXISTS ] <replaceable class="PARAMETER">name</replaceab
        </para>
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
+
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><replaceable class="PARAMETER">parent_name</replaceable></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        A parent table to associate or de-associate with this foreign table.
+        The parent table must be a plain table.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
     </variablelist>
  </refsect1>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_foreign_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_foreign_table.sgml
index 06a7087..cc11dee 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_foreign_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_foreign_table.sgml
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ CREATE FOREIGN TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] <replaceable class="PARAMETER">table_name
     <replaceable class="PARAMETER">column_name</replaceable> <replaceable class="PARAMETER">data_type</replaceable> [ OPTIONS ( <replaceable class="PARAMETER">option</replaceable> '<replaceable class="PARAMETER">value</replaceable>' [, ... ] ) ] [ COLLATE <replaceable>collation</replaceable> ] [ <replaceable class="PARAMETER">column_constraint</replaceable> [ ... ] ]
     [, ... ]
 ] )
+[ INHERITS ( <replaceable>parent_table</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
   SERVER <replaceable class="parameter">server_name</replaceable>
 [ OPTIONS ( <replaceable class="PARAMETER">option</replaceable> '<replaceable class="PARAMETER">value</replaceable>' [, ... ] ) ]
 
@@ -159,6 +160,18 @@ CREATE FOREIGN TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] <replaceable class="PARAMETER">table_name
    </varlistentry>
 
    <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="PARAMETER">parent_table</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The name of an existing table from which the new foreign table
+      automatically inherits all columns.  The specified parent table
+      must be a plain table.  See <xref linkend="ddl-inherit"> for the
+      details of table inheritance.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
     <term><replaceable class="PARAMETER">server_name</replaceable></term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_inherits.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_inherits.c
index f263b42..b4a084c 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_inherits.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_inherits.c
@@ -256,6 +256,48 @@ has_subclass(Oid relationId)
 
 
 /*
+ * Check wether the inheritance tree contains foreign table(s).
+ */
+bool
+contains_foreign(Oid parentrelId, LOCKMODE lockmode)
+{
+	bool		result = false;
+	List	   *tableOIDs;
+	ListCell   *lc;
+
+	/* Find all members of the inheritance tree */
+	tableOIDs = find_all_inheritors(parentrelId, lockmode, NULL);
+
+	/* There are no children */
+	if (list_length(tableOIDs) < 2)
+		return result;
+
+	foreach(lc, tableOIDs)
+	{
+		Oid			childOID = lfirst_oid(lc);
+		Relation	childrel;
+
+		/* Parent should not be foreign */
+		if (childOID == parentrelId)
+			continue;
+
+		/* We already got the needed lock */
+		childrel = heap_open(childOID, NoLock);
+
+		if (childrel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_FOREIGN_TABLE)
+		{
+			/* Found it */
+			result = true;
+		}
+
+		heap_close(childrel, lockmode);
+	}
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+
+/*
  * Given two type OIDs, determine whether the first is a complex type
  * (class type) that inherits from the second.
  */
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/analyze.c b/src/backend/commands/analyze.c
index a04adea..bb7bdf4 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/analyze.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/analyze.c
@@ -115,7 +115,8 @@ static Datum ind_fetch_func(VacAttrStatsP stats, int rownum, bool *isNull);
  *	analyze_rel() -- analyze one relation
  */
 void
-analyze_rel(Oid relid, VacuumStmt *vacstmt, BufferAccessStrategy bstrategy)
+analyze_rel(Oid relid, VacuumStmt *vacstmt, VacuumMode vacmode,
+			BufferAccessStrategy bstrategy)
 {
 	Relation	onerel;
 	int			elevel;
@@ -270,7 +271,9 @@ analyze_rel(Oid relid, VacuumStmt *vacstmt, BufferAccessStrategy bstrategy)
 	/*
 	 * If there are child tables, do recursive ANALYZE.
 	 */
-	if (onerel->rd_rel->relhassubclass)
+	if (onerel->rd_rel->relhassubclass &&
+		(vacmode == VAC_MODE_SINGLE ||
+		 !contains_foreign(RelationGetRelid(onerel), AccessShareLock)))
 		do_analyze_rel(onerel, vacstmt, acquirefunc, relpages, true, elevel);
 
 	/*
@@ -1452,12 +1455,15 @@ acquire_inherited_sample_rows(Relation onerel, int elevel,
 {
 	List	   *tableOIDs;
 	Relation   *rels;
+	AcquireSampleRowsFunc *acquirefunc;
 	double	   *relblocks;
 	double		totalblocks;
+	Relation	saved_rel;
 	int			numrows,
 				nrels,
 				i;
 	ListCell   *lc;
+	bool		isAnalyzable = true;
 
 	/*
 	 * Find all members of inheritance set.  We only need AccessShareLock on
@@ -1486,6 +1492,8 @@ acquire_inherited_sample_rows(Relation onerel, int elevel,
 	 * BlockNumber, so we use double arithmetic.
 	 */
 	rels = (Relation *) palloc(list_length(tableOIDs) * sizeof(Relation));
+	acquirefunc = (AcquireSampleRowsFunc *) palloc(list_length(tableOIDs)
+											* sizeof(AcquireSampleRowsFunc));
 	relblocks = (double *) palloc(list_length(tableOIDs) * sizeof(double));
 	totalblocks = 0;
 	nrels = 0;
@@ -1507,12 +1515,59 @@ acquire_inherited_sample_rows(Relation onerel, int elevel,
 		}
 
 		rels[nrels] = childrel;
-		relblocks[nrels] = (double) RelationGetNumberOfBlocks(childrel);
+
+		if (childrel->rd_rel->relkind != RELKIND_FOREIGN_TABLE)
+		{
+			acquirefunc[nrels] = acquire_sample_rows;
+			relblocks[nrels] = (double) RelationGetNumberOfBlocks(childrel);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			/*
+			 * For a foreign table, call the FDW's hook function to see whether
+			 * it supports analysis.
+			 */
+			FdwRoutine *fdwroutine;
+			BlockNumber relpages = 0;
+			bool		ok = false;
+
+			fdwroutine = GetFdwRoutineForRelation(childrel, false);
+			if (fdwroutine->AnalyzeForeignTable != NULL)
+				ok = fdwroutine->AnalyzeForeignTable(childrel,
+													 &acquirefunc[nrels],
+													 &relpages);
+			if (!ok)
+			{
+				isAnalyzable = false;
+				break;
+			}
+
+			relblocks[nrels] = (double) relpages;
+		}
+
 		totalblocks += relblocks[nrels];
 		nrels++;
 	}
 
 	/*
+	 * If there is at least one foreign table that cannot be analyzed, give up.
+	 */
+	if (!isAnalyzable)
+	{
+		ereport(WARNING,
+				(errmsg("skipping \"%s\" inheritance tree --- cannot analyze foreign table \"%s\"",
+						RelationGetRelationName(onerel),
+						RelationGetRelationName(rels[nrels]))));
+		for (i = 0; i < nrels; i++)
+		{
+			Relation	childrel = rels[i];
+
+			heap_close(childrel, NoLock);
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
 	 * Now sample rows from each relation, proportionally to its fraction of
 	 * the total block count.  (This might be less than desirable if the child
 	 * rels have radically different free-space percentages, but it's not
@@ -1525,6 +1580,7 @@ acquire_inherited_sample_rows(Relation onerel, int elevel,
 	{
 		Relation	childrel = rels[i];
 		double		childblocks = relblocks[i];
+		AcquireSampleRowsFunc childacquirefunc = acquirefunc[i];
 
 		if (childblocks > 0)
 		{
@@ -1540,12 +1596,12 @@ acquire_inherited_sample_rows(Relation onerel, int elevel,
 							tdrows;
 
 				/* Fetch a random sample of the child's rows */
-				childrows = acquire_sample_rows(childrel,
-												elevel,
-												rows + numrows,
-												childtargrows,
-												&trows,
-												&tdrows);
+				childrows = childacquirefunc(childrel,
+											 elevel,
+											 rows + numrows,
+											 childtargrows,
+											 &trows,
+											 &tdrows);
 
 				/* We may need to convert from child's rowtype to parent's */
 				if (childrows > 0 &&
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 25f01e5..61ea18b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -311,7 +311,8 @@ static AlteredTableInfo *ATGetQueueEntry(List **wqueue, Relation rel);
 static void ATSimplePermissions(Relation rel, int allowed_targets);
 static void ATWrongRelkindError(Relation rel, int allowed_targets);
 static void ATSimpleRecursion(List **wqueue, Relation rel,
-				  AlterTableCmd *cmd, bool recurse, LOCKMODE lockmode);
+				  AlterTableCmd *cmd, bool recurse,
+				  bool include_foreign, LOCKMODE lockmode);
 static void ATTypedTableRecursion(List **wqueue, Relation rel, AlterTableCmd *cmd,
 					  LOCKMODE lockmode);
 static List *find_typed_table_dependencies(Oid typeOid, const char *typeName,
@@ -467,10 +468,6 @@ DefineRelation(CreateStmt *stmt, char relkind, Oid ownerId)
 		ereport(ERROR,
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TABLE_DEFINITION),
 				 errmsg("ON COMMIT can only be used on temporary tables")));
-	if (stmt->constraints != NIL && relkind == RELKIND_FOREIGN_TABLE)
-		ereport(ERROR,
-				(errcode(ERRCODE_WRONG_OBJECT_TYPE),
-				 errmsg("constraints are not supported on foreign tables")));
 
 	/*
 	 * Look up the namespace in which we are supposed to create the relation,
@@ -3019,24 +3016,28 @@ ATPrepCmd(List **wqueue, Relation rel, AlterTableCmd *cmd,
 			 * rules.
 			 */
 			ATSimplePermissions(rel, ATT_TABLE | ATT_VIEW | ATT_FOREIGN_TABLE);
-			ATSimpleRecursion(wqueue, rel, cmd, recurse, lockmode);
+			/* Recurses to child tables that are foreign, too */
+			ATSimpleRecursion(wqueue, rel, cmd, recurse, true, lockmode);
 			/* No command-specific prep needed */
 			pass = cmd->def ? AT_PASS_ADD_CONSTR : AT_PASS_DROP;
 			break;
 		case AT_DropNotNull:	/* ALTER COLUMN DROP NOT NULL */
 			ATSimplePermissions(rel, ATT_TABLE | ATT_FOREIGN_TABLE);
-			ATSimpleRecursion(wqueue, rel, cmd, recurse, lockmode);
+			/* Recurses to child tables that are foreign, too */
+			ATSimpleRecursion(wqueue, rel, cmd, recurse, true, lockmode);
 			/* No command-specific prep needed */
 			pass = AT_PASS_DROP;
 			break;
 		case AT_SetNotNull:		/* ALTER COLUMN SET NOT NULL */
 			ATSimplePermissions(rel, ATT_TABLE | ATT_FOREIGN_TABLE);
-			ATSimpleRecursion(wqueue, rel, cmd, recurse, lockmode);
+			/* Recurses to child tables that are foreign, too */
+			ATSimpleRecursion(wqueue, rel, cmd, recurse, true, lockmode);
 			/* No command-specific prep needed */
 			pass = AT_PASS_ADD_CONSTR;
 			break;
 		case AT_SetStatistics:	/* ALTER COLUMN SET STATISTICS */
-			ATSimpleRecursion(wqueue, rel, cmd, recurse, lockmode);
+			/* Recurses to child tables that are foreign, too */
+			ATSimpleRecursion(wqueue, rel, cmd, recurse, true, lockmode);
 			/* Performs own permission checks */
 			ATPrepSetStatistics(rel, cmd->name, cmd->def, lockmode);
 			pass = AT_PASS_MISC;
@@ -3049,7 +3050,8 @@ ATPrepCmd(List **wqueue, Relation rel, AlterTableCmd *cmd,
 			break;
 		case AT_SetStorage:		/* ALTER COLUMN SET STORAGE */
 			ATSimplePermissions(rel, ATT_TABLE | ATT_MATVIEW);
-			ATSimpleRecursion(wqueue, rel, cmd, recurse, lockmode);
+			/* Don't recurse to child tables that are foreign */
+			ATSimpleRecursion(wqueue, rel, cmd, recurse, false, lockmode);
 			/* No command-specific prep needed */
 			pass = AT_PASS_MISC;
 			break;
@@ -3067,7 +3069,7 @@ ATPrepCmd(List **wqueue, Relation rel, AlterTableCmd *cmd,
 			pass = AT_PASS_ADD_INDEX;
 			break;
 		case AT_AddConstraint:	/* ADD CONSTRAINT */
-			ATSimplePermissions(rel, ATT_TABLE);
+			ATSimplePermissions(rel, ATT_TABLE | ATT_FOREIGN_TABLE);
 			/* Recursion occurs during execution phase */
 			/* No command-specific prep needed except saving recurse flag */
 			if (recurse)
@@ -3081,7 +3083,7 @@ ATPrepCmd(List **wqueue, Relation rel, AlterTableCmd *cmd,
 			pass = AT_PASS_ADD_CONSTR;
 			break;
 		case AT_DropConstraint:	/* DROP CONSTRAINT */
-			ATSimplePermissions(rel, ATT_TABLE);
+			ATSimplePermissions(rel, ATT_TABLE | ATT_FOREIGN_TABLE);
 			/* Recursion occurs during execution phase */
 			/* No command-specific prep needed except saving recurse flag */
 			if (recurse)
@@ -3149,13 +3151,19 @@ ATPrepCmd(List **wqueue, Relation rel, AlterTableCmd *cmd,
 			pass = AT_PASS_MISC;
 			break;
 		case AT_AddInherit:		/* INHERIT */
-			ATSimplePermissions(rel, ATT_TABLE);
+			ATSimplePermissions(rel, ATT_TABLE | ATT_FOREIGN_TABLE);
 			/* This command never recurses */
 			ATPrepAddInherit(rel);
 			pass = AT_PASS_MISC;
 			break;
+		case AT_DropInherit:	/* NO INHERIT */
+			ATSimplePermissions(rel, ATT_TABLE | ATT_FOREIGN_TABLE);
+			/* This command never recurses */
+			/* No command-specific prep needed */
+			pass = AT_PASS_MISC;
+			break;
 		case AT_AlterConstraint:		/* ALTER CONSTRAINT */
-			ATSimplePermissions(rel, ATT_TABLE);
+			ATSimplePermissions(rel, ATT_TABLE | ATT_FOREIGN_TABLE);
 			pass = AT_PASS_MISC;
 			break;
 		case AT_ValidateConstraint:		/* VALIDATE CONSTRAINT */
@@ -3184,7 +3192,6 @@ ATPrepCmd(List **wqueue, Relation rel, AlterTableCmd *cmd,
 		case AT_EnableAlwaysRule:
 		case AT_EnableReplicaRule:
 		case AT_DisableRule:
-		case AT_DropInherit:	/* NO INHERIT */
 		case AT_AddOf:			/* OF */
 		case AT_DropOf: /* NOT OF */
 			ATSimplePermissions(rel, ATT_TABLE);
@@ -4037,8 +4044,12 @@ ATSimplePermissions(Relation rel, int allowed_targets)
 		case RELKIND_COMPOSITE_TYPE:
 			actual_target = ATT_COMPOSITE_TYPE;
 			break;
+
 		case RELKIND_FOREIGN_TABLE:
 			actual_target = ATT_FOREIGN_TABLE;
+			ereport(NOTICE,
+					(errmsg("This command affects foreign relation \"%s\"",
+							RelationGetRelationName(rel))));
 			break;
 		default:
 			actual_target = 0;
@@ -4125,7 +4136,8 @@ ATWrongRelkindError(Relation rel, int allowed_targets)
  */
 static void
 ATSimpleRecursion(List **wqueue, Relation rel,
-				  AlterTableCmd *cmd, bool recurse, LOCKMODE lockmode)
+				  AlterTableCmd *cmd, bool recurse,
+				  bool include_foreign, LOCKMODE lockmode)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Propagate to children if desired.  Non-table relations never have
@@ -4153,8 +4165,12 @@ ATSimpleRecursion(List **wqueue, Relation rel,
 				continue;
 			/* find_all_inheritors already got lock */
 			childrel = relation_open(childrelid, NoLock);
-			CheckTableNotInUse(childrel, "ALTER TABLE");
-			ATPrepCmd(wqueue, childrel, cmd, false, true, lockmode);
+			if (childrel->rd_rel->relkind != RELKIND_FOREIGN_TABLE
+				|| include_foreign)
+			{
+				CheckTableNotInUse(childrel, "ALTER TABLE");
+				ATPrepCmd(wqueue, childrel, cmd, false, true, lockmode);
+			}
 			relation_close(childrel, NoLock);
 		}
 	}
@@ -4444,7 +4460,7 @@ ATExecAddColumn(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
 
 	/* At top level, permission check was done in ATPrepCmd, else do it */
 	if (recursing)
-		ATSimplePermissions(rel, ATT_TABLE);
+		ATSimplePermissions(rel, ATT_TABLE | ATT_FOREIGN_TABLE);
 
 	attrdesc = heap_open(AttributeRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);
 
@@ -4859,7 +4875,19 @@ ATPrepAddOids(List **wqueue, Relation rel, bool recurse, AlterTableCmd *cmd, LOC
 	ATPrepAddColumn(wqueue, rel, recurse, false, cmd, lockmode);
 
 	if (recurse)
+	{
+		/*
+		 * Don't allow to add an OID column to inheritance tree that contains
+		 * foreign table(s)
+		 */
+	  if (contains_foreign(RelationGetRelid(rel), AccessShareLock))
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
+					 errmsg("cannot add OID column to inheritance tree \"%s\" because it contains foreign table(s)",
+							RelationGetRelationName(rel))));
+
 		cmd->subtype = AT_AddOidsRecurse;
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -5340,7 +5368,7 @@ ATExecDropColumn(List **wqueue, Relation rel, const char *colName,
 
 	/* At top level, permission check was done in ATPrepCmd, else do it */
 	if (recursing)
-		ATSimplePermissions(rel, ATT_TABLE);
+		ATSimplePermissions(rel, ATT_TABLE | ATT_FOREIGN_TABLE);
 
 	/*
 	 * get the number of the attribute
@@ -5732,7 +5760,14 @@ ATAddCheckConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
 
 	/* At top level, permission check was done in ATPrepCmd, else do it */
 	if (recursing)
-		ATSimplePermissions(rel, ATT_TABLE);
+		ATSimplePermissions(rel, ATT_TABLE | ATT_FOREIGN_TABLE);
+
+	/* Don't allow ADD constraint NOT VALID on foreign tables */
+	if (tab->relkind == RELKIND_FOREIGN_TABLE &&
+		constr->skip_validation && !recursing)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
+				 errmsg("NOT VALID is not supported on foreign tables")));
 
 	/*
 	 * Call AddRelationNewConstraints to do the work, making sure it works on
@@ -5743,9 +5778,17 @@ ATAddCheckConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
 	 * omitted from the returned list, which is what we want: we do not need
 	 * to do any validation work.  That can only happen at child tables,
 	 * though, since we disallow merging at the top level.
-	 */
+	 *
+	 * When propagating a NOT VALID option to children that are foreign tables,
+	 * we quietly ignore the option.  Note that this is safe because foreign
+	 * tables don't have any children.
+	 */
+	constr = copyObject(constr);
+	if (tab->relkind == RELKIND_FOREIGN_TABLE &&
+		constr->skip_validation && recursing)
+		constr->skip_validation = false;
 	newcons = AddRelationNewConstraints(rel, NIL,
-										list_make1(copyObject(constr)),
+										list_make1(constr),
 										recursing,		/* allow_merge */
 										!recursing,		/* is_local */
 										is_readd);		/* is_internal */
@@ -7225,7 +7268,7 @@ ATExecDropConstraint(Relation rel, const char *constrName,
 
 	/* At top level, permission check was done in ATPrepCmd, else do it */
 	if (recursing)
-		ATSimplePermissions(rel, ATT_TABLE);
+		ATSimplePermissions(rel, ATT_TABLE | ATT_FOREIGN_TABLE);
 
 	conrel = heap_open(ConstraintRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);
 
@@ -7560,7 +7603,10 @@ ATPrepAlterColumnType(List **wqueue,
 	 * alter would put them out of step.
 	 */
 	if (recurse)
-		ATSimpleRecursion(wqueue, rel, cmd, recurse, lockmode);
+	{
+		/* Recurses to child tables that are foreign, too */
+		ATSimpleRecursion(wqueue, rel, cmd, recurse, true, lockmode);
+	}
 	else if (!recursing &&
 			 find_inheritance_children(RelationGetRelid(rel), NoLock) != NIL)
 		ereport(ERROR,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/vacuum.c b/src/backend/commands/vacuum.c
index ded1841..35b5dd2 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/vacuum.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/vacuum.c
@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ vacuum(VacuumStmt *vacstmt, Oid relid, bool do_toast,
 	   BufferAccessStrategy bstrategy, bool for_wraparound, bool isTopLevel)
 {
 	const char *stmttype;
+	VacuumMode	vacmode;
 	volatile bool in_outer_xact,
 				use_own_xacts;
 	List	   *relations;
@@ -146,6 +147,20 @@ vacuum(VacuumStmt *vacstmt, Oid relid, bool do_toast,
 										ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_MAXSIZE);
 
 	/*
+	 * Identify vacuum mode.  If relid is not InvalidOid, the caller should be
+	 * an autovacuum worker.  See the above comments.
+	 */
+	if (relid != InvalidOid)
+		vacmode = VAC_MODE_AUTOVACUUM;
+	else
+	{
+		if (!vacstmt->relation)
+			vacmode = VAC_MODE_ALL;
+		else
+			vacmode = VAC_MODE_SINGLE;
+	}
+
+	/*
 	 * If caller didn't give us a buffer strategy object, make one in the
 	 * cross-transaction memory context.
 	 */
@@ -248,7 +263,7 @@ vacuum(VacuumStmt *vacstmt, Oid relid, bool do_toast,
 					PushActiveSnapshot(GetTransactionSnapshot());
 				}
 
-				analyze_rel(relid, vacstmt, vac_strategy);
+				analyze_rel(relid, vacstmt, vacmode, vac_strategy);
 
 				if (use_own_xacts)
 				{
diff --git a/src/backend/optimizer/prep/prepunion.c b/src/backend/optimizer/prep/prepunion.c
index 52dcc72..238bba2 100644
--- a/src/backend/optimizer/prep/prepunion.c
+++ b/src/backend/optimizer/prep/prepunion.c
@@ -1337,11 +1337,12 @@ expand_inherited_rtentry(PlannerInfo *root, RangeTblEntry *rte, Index rti)
 		/*
 		 * Build an RTE for the child, and attach to query's rangetable list.
 		 * We copy most fields of the parent's RTE, but replace relation OID,
-		 * and set inh = false.  Also, set requiredPerms to zero since all
-		 * required permissions checks are done on the original RTE.
+		 * relkind and set inh = false.  Also, set requiredPerms to zero since
+		 * all required permissions checks are done on the original RTE.
 		 */
 		childrte = copyObject(rte);
 		childrte->relid = childOID;
+		childrte->relkind = newrelation->rd_rel->relkind;
 		childrte->inh = false;
 		childrte->requiredPerms = 0;
 		parse->rtable = lappend(parse->rtable, childrte);
diff --git a/src/backend/optimizer/util/pathnode.c b/src/backend/optimizer/util/pathnode.c
index b79af7a..18ced04 100644
--- a/src/backend/optimizer/util/pathnode.c
+++ b/src/backend/optimizer/util/pathnode.c
@@ -2062,6 +2062,16 @@ reparameterize_path(PlannerInfo *root, Path *path,
 		case T_SubqueryScan:
 			return create_subqueryscan_path(root, rel, path->pathkeys,
 											required_outer);
+		case T_ForeignScan:
+			{
+				ForeignPath *fpath = (ForeignPath*) path;
+				ForeignPath *newpath = makeNode(ForeignPath);
+				memcpy(newpath, fpath, sizeof(ForeignPath));
+				newpath->path.param_info =
+					get_baserel_parampathinfo(root, rel, required_outer);
+				/* cost recalc omitted */
+				return (Path *)newpath;
+			}
 		default:
 			break;
 	}
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index e3060a4..b5e47f4 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -4209,32 +4209,32 @@ AlterForeignServerStmt: ALTER SERVER name foreign_server_version alter_generic_o
 CreateForeignTableStmt:
 		CREATE FOREIGN TABLE qualified_name
 			'(' OptTableElementList ')'
-			SERVER name create_generic_options
+			OptInherit SERVER name create_generic_options
 				{
 					CreateForeignTableStmt *n = makeNode(CreateForeignTableStmt);
 					$4->relpersistence = RELPERSISTENCE_PERMANENT;
 					n->base.relation = $4;
 					n->base.tableElts = $6;
-					n->base.inhRelations = NIL;
+					n->base.inhRelations = $8;
 					n->base.if_not_exists = false;
 					/* FDW-specific data */
-					n->servername = $9;
-					n->options = $10;
+					n->servername = $10;
+					n->options = $11;
 					$$ = (Node *) n;
 				}
 		| CREATE FOREIGN TABLE IF_P NOT EXISTS qualified_name
 			'(' OptTableElementList ')'
-			SERVER name create_generic_options
+			OptInherit SERVER name create_generic_options
 				{
 					CreateForeignTableStmt *n = makeNode(CreateForeignTableStmt);
 					$7->relpersistence = RELPERSISTENCE_PERMANENT;
 					n->base.relation = $7;
 					n->base.tableElts = $9;
-					n->base.inhRelations = NIL;
+					n->base.inhRelations = $11;
 					n->base.if_not_exists = true;
 					/* FDW-specific data */
-					n->servername = $12;
-					n->options = $13;
+					n->servername = $13;
+					n->options = $14;
 					$$ = (Node *) n;
 				}
 		;
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index 1e071d7..955f27c 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -515,12 +515,6 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
 				break;
 
 			case CONSTR_CHECK:
-				if (cxt->isforeign)
-					ereport(ERROR,
-							(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
-					errmsg("constraints are not supported on foreign tables"),
-							 parser_errposition(cxt->pstate,
-												constraint->location)));
 				cxt->ckconstraints = lappend(cxt->ckconstraints, constraint);
 				break;
 
@@ -529,7 +523,7 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
 				if (cxt->isforeign)
 					ereport(ERROR,
 							(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
-					errmsg("constraints are not supported on foreign tables"),
+					errmsg("primary key or unique constraints are not supported on foreign tables"),
 							 parser_errposition(cxt->pstate,
 												constraint->location)));
 				if (constraint->keys == NIL)
@@ -546,7 +540,7 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
 				if (cxt->isforeign)
 					ereport(ERROR,
 							(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
-					errmsg("constraints are not supported on foreign tables"),
+					errmsg("foreign key constraints are not supported on foreign tables"),
 							 parser_errposition(cxt->pstate,
 												constraint->location)));
 
@@ -605,10 +599,14 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
 static void
 transformTableConstraint(CreateStmtContext *cxt, Constraint *constraint)
 {
-	if (cxt->isforeign)
+	if (cxt->isforeign &&
+		(constraint->contype == CONSTR_PRIMARY ||
+		 constraint->contype == CONSTR_UNIQUE ||
+		 constraint->contype == CONSTR_EXCLUSION ||
+		 constraint->contype == CONSTR_FOREIGN))
 		ereport(ERROR,
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
-				 errmsg("constraints are not supported on foreign tables"),
+				 errmsg("primary key, unique, exclusion, or foreign key constraints are not supported on foreign tables"),
 				 parser_errposition(cxt->pstate,
 									constraint->location)));
 
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_inherits_fn.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_inherits_fn.h
index 757d849..228573a 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_inherits_fn.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_inherits_fn.h
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ extern List *find_inheritance_children(Oid parentrelId, LOCKMODE lockmode);
 extern List *find_all_inheritors(Oid parentrelId, LOCKMODE lockmode,
 					List **parents);
 extern bool has_subclass(Oid relationId);
+extern bool contains_foreign(Oid parentrelId, LOCKMODE lockmode);
 extern bool typeInheritsFrom(Oid subclassTypeId, Oid superclassTypeId);
 
 #endif   /* PG_INHERITS_FN_H */
diff --git a/src/include/commands/vacuum.h b/src/include/commands/vacuum.h
index 058dc5f..8253a07 100644
--- a/src/include/commands/vacuum.h
+++ b/src/include/commands/vacuum.h
@@ -140,6 +140,15 @@ extern int	vacuum_multixact_freeze_min_age;
 extern int	vacuum_multixact_freeze_table_age;
 
 
+/* Possible modes for vacuum() */
+typedef enum
+{
+	VAC_MODE_ALL,				/* Vacuum/analyze all relations */
+	VAC_MODE_SINGLE,			/* Vacuum/analyze a specific relation */
+	VAC_MODE_AUTOVACUUM			/* Autovacuum worker */
+} VacuumMode;
+
+
 /* in commands/vacuum.c */
 extern void vacuum(VacuumStmt *vacstmt, Oid relid, bool do_toast,
 	   BufferAccessStrategy bstrategy, bool for_wraparound, bool isTopLevel);
@@ -174,7 +183,7 @@ extern void lazy_vacuum_rel(Relation onerel, VacuumStmt *vacstmt,
 				BufferAccessStrategy bstrategy);
 
 /* in commands/analyze.c */
-extern void analyze_rel(Oid relid, VacuumStmt *vacstmt,
+extern void analyze_rel(Oid relid, VacuumStmt *vacstmt, VacuumMode vacmode,
 			BufferAccessStrategy bstrategy);
 extern bool std_typanalyze(VacAttrStats *stats);
 extern double anl_random_fract(void);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/foreign_data.out b/src/test/regress/expected/foreign_data.out
index 60506e0..f15d2e1 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/foreign_data.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/foreign_data.out
@@ -750,16 +750,12 @@ CREATE TABLE use_ft1_column_type (x ft1);
 ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER COLUMN c8 SET DATA TYPE integer;	-- ERROR
 ERROR:  cannot alter foreign table "ft1" because column "use_ft1_column_type.x" uses its row type
 DROP TABLE use_ft1_column_type;
-ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ADD CONSTRAINT ft1_c9_check CHECK (c9 < 0); -- ERROR
-ERROR:  constraints are not supported on foreign tables
-LINE 1: ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ADD CONSTRAINT ft1_c9_check CHECK (c...
-                                    ^
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ADD CONSTRAINT ft1_c9_check CHECK (c9 < 0);
 ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 DROP CONSTRAINT no_const;               -- ERROR
-ERROR:  "ft1" is not a table
+ERROR:  constraint "no_const" of relation "ft1" does not exist
 ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 DROP CONSTRAINT IF EXISTS no_const;
-ERROR:  "ft1" is not a table
-ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 DROP CONSTRAINT ft1_c1_check;
-ERROR:  "ft1" is not a table
+NOTICE:  constraint "no_const" of relation "ft1" does not exist, skipping
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 DROP CONSTRAINT ft1_c9_check;
 ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 SET WITH OIDS;                          -- ERROR
 ERROR:  "ft1" is not a table
 ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 OWNER TO regress_test_role;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/foreign_data.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/foreign_data.sql
index f819eb1..2aa5ffe 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/sql/foreign_data.sql
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/foreign_data.sql
@@ -314,10 +314,10 @@ ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER COLUMN c8 SET STATISTICS -1;
 CREATE TABLE use_ft1_column_type (x ft1);
 ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ALTER COLUMN c8 SET DATA TYPE integer;	-- ERROR
 DROP TABLE use_ft1_column_type;
-ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ADD CONSTRAINT ft1_c9_check CHECK (c9 < 0); -- ERROR
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 ADD CONSTRAINT ft1_c9_check CHECK (c9 < 0);
 ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 DROP CONSTRAINT no_const;               -- ERROR
 ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 DROP CONSTRAINT IF EXISTS no_const;
-ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 DROP CONSTRAINT ft1_c1_check;
+ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 DROP CONSTRAINT ft1_c9_check;
 ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 SET WITH OIDS;                          -- ERROR
 ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 OWNER TO regress_test_role;
 ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ft1 OPTIONS (DROP delimiter, SET quote '~', ADD escape '@');
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