I wrote:
> One of the things I do not like about the current coding of parallel
> pg_dump/pg_restore is its baroque logic for handling worker completion
> reports, specifically the ListenToWorkers/ReapWorkerStatus APIs.

Here's a version of this patch rebased over e652273e073566b6.

Since this is only refactoring, and doesn't (I think) fix any bugs,
I'm setting it aside till the next commitfest.

                        regards, tom lane

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/parallel.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/parallel.c
index 7647271..a9671ca 100644
*** a/src/bin/pg_dump/parallel.c
--- b/src/bin/pg_dump/parallel.c
***************
*** 35,43 ****
   * the required action (dump or restore) and returns a malloc'd status string.
   * The status string is passed back to the master where it is interpreted by
   * AH->MasterEndParallelItemPtr, another format-specific routine.  That
!  * function can update state or catalog information on the master's side,
   * depending on the reply from the worker process.  In the end it returns a
!  * status code, which is 0 for successful execution.
   *
   * Remember that we have forked off the workers only after we have read in
   * the catalog.  That's why our worker processes can also access the catalog
--- 35,45 ----
   * the required action (dump or restore) and returns a malloc'd status string.
   * The status string is passed back to the master where it is interpreted by
   * AH->MasterEndParallelItemPtr, another format-specific routine.  That
!  * function can update format-specific information on the master's side,
   * depending on the reply from the worker process.  In the end it returns a
!  * status code, which we pass to the ParallelCompletionPtr callback function
!  * that was passed to DispatchJobForTocEntry().  The callback function does
!  * state updating for the master control logic in pg_backup_archiver.c.
   *
   * Remember that we have forked off the workers only after we have read in
   * the catalog.  That's why our worker processes can also access the catalog
***************
*** 48,60 ****
   * In the master process, the workerStatus field for each worker has one of
   * the following values:
   *		WRKR_IDLE: it's waiting for a command
!  *		WRKR_WORKING: it's been sent a command
!  *		WRKR_FINISHED: it's returned a result
   *		WRKR_TERMINATED: process ended
-  * The FINISHED state indicates that the worker is idle, but we've not yet
-  * dealt with the status code it returned from the prior command.
-  * ReapWorkerStatus() extracts the unhandled command status value and sets
-  * the workerStatus back to WRKR_IDLE.
   */
  
  #include "postgres_fe.h"
--- 50,57 ----
   * In the master process, the workerStatus field for each worker has one of
   * the following values:
   *		WRKR_IDLE: it's waiting for a command
!  *		WRKR_WORKING: it's working on a command
   *		WRKR_TERMINATED: process ended
   */
  
  #include "postgres_fe.h"
***************
*** 75,80 ****
--- 72,79 ----
  #define PIPE_READ							0
  #define PIPE_WRITE							1
  
+ #define NO_SLOT (-1)			/* Failure result for GetIdleWorker() */
+ 
  #ifdef WIN32
  
  /*
*************** static void setup_cancel_handler(void);
*** 161,169 ****
--- 160,171 ----
  static void set_cancel_pstate(ParallelState *pstate);
  static void set_cancel_slot_archive(ParallelSlot *slot, ArchiveHandle *AH);
  static void RunWorker(ArchiveHandle *AH, ParallelSlot *slot);
+ static int	GetIdleWorker(ParallelState *pstate);
  static bool HasEveryWorkerTerminated(ParallelState *pstate);
  static void lockTableForWorker(ArchiveHandle *AH, TocEntry *te);
  static void WaitForCommands(ArchiveHandle *AH, int pipefd[2]);
+ static bool ListenToWorkers(ArchiveHandle *AH, ParallelState *pstate,
+ 				bool do_wait);
  static char *getMessageFromMaster(int pipefd[2]);
  static void sendMessageToMaster(int pipefd[2], const char *str);
  static int	select_loop(int maxFd, fd_set *workerset);
*************** archive_close_connection(int code, void 
*** 335,342 ****
  			 * fail to detect it because there would be no EOF condition on
  			 * the other end of the pipe.)
  			 */
! 			if (slot->args->AH)
! 				DisconnectDatabase(&(slot->args->AH->public));
  
  #ifdef WIN32
  			closesocket(slot->pipeRevRead);
--- 337,344 ----
  			 * fail to detect it because there would be no EOF condition on
  			 * the other end of the pipe.)
  			 */
! 			if (slot->AH)
! 				DisconnectDatabase(&(slot->AH->public));
  
  #ifdef WIN32
  			closesocket(slot->pipeRevRead);
*************** ShutdownWorkersHard(ParallelState *pstat
*** 393,399 ****
  	EnterCriticalSection(&signal_info_lock);
  	for (i = 0; i < pstate->numWorkers; i++)
  	{
! 		ArchiveHandle *AH = pstate->parallelSlot[i].args->AH;
  		char		errbuf[1];
  
  		if (AH != NULL && AH->connCancel != NULL)
--- 395,401 ----
  	EnterCriticalSection(&signal_info_lock);
  	for (i = 0; i < pstate->numWorkers; i++)
  	{
! 		ArchiveHandle *AH = pstate->parallelSlot[i].AH;
  		char		errbuf[1];
  
  		if (AH != NULL && AH->connCancel != NULL)
*************** consoleHandler(DWORD dwCtrlType)
*** 620,626 ****
  			for (i = 0; i < signal_info.pstate->numWorkers; i++)
  			{
  				ParallelSlot *slot = &(signal_info.pstate->parallelSlot[i]);
! 				ArchiveHandle *AH = slot->args->AH;
  				HANDLE		hThread = (HANDLE) slot->hThread;
  
  				/*
--- 622,628 ----
  			for (i = 0; i < signal_info.pstate->numWorkers; i++)
  			{
  				ParallelSlot *slot = &(signal_info.pstate->parallelSlot[i]);
! 				ArchiveHandle *AH = slot->AH;
  				HANDLE		hThread = (HANDLE) slot->hThread;
  
  				/*
*************** set_cancel_slot_archive(ParallelSlot *sl
*** 775,781 ****
  	EnterCriticalSection(&signal_info_lock);
  #endif
  
! 	slot->args->AH = AH;
  
  #ifdef WIN32
  	LeaveCriticalSection(&signal_info_lock);
--- 777,783 ----
  	EnterCriticalSection(&signal_info_lock);
  #endif
  
! 	slot->AH = AH;
  
  #ifdef WIN32
  	LeaveCriticalSection(&signal_info_lock);
*************** ParallelBackupStart(ArchiveHandle *AH)
*** 921,929 ****
  						  strerror(errno));
  
  		slot->workerStatus = WRKR_IDLE;
! 		slot->args = (ParallelArgs *) pg_malloc(sizeof(ParallelArgs));
! 		slot->args->AH = NULL;
! 		slot->args->te = NULL;
  
  		/* master's ends of the pipes */
  		slot->pipeRead = pipeWM[PIPE_READ];
--- 923,932 ----
  						  strerror(errno));
  
  		slot->workerStatus = WRKR_IDLE;
! 		slot->AH = NULL;
! 		slot->te = NULL;
! 		slot->callback = NULL;
! 		slot->callback_data = NULL;
  
  		/* master's ends of the pipes */
  		slot->pipeRead = pipeWM[PIPE_READ];
*************** ParallelBackupEnd(ArchiveHandle *AH, Par
*** 1057,1076 ****
  }
  
  /*
!  * Dispatch a job to some free worker (caller must ensure there is one!)
   *
   * te is the TocEntry to be processed, act is the action to be taken on it.
   */
  void
! DispatchJobForTocEntry(ArchiveHandle *AH, ParallelState *pstate, TocEntry *te,
! 					   T_Action act)
  {
  	int			worker;
  	char	   *arg;
  
! 	/* our caller makes sure that at least one worker is idle */
! 	worker = GetIdleWorker(pstate);
! 	Assert(worker != NO_SLOT);
  
  	/* Construct and send command string */
  	arg = (AH->MasterStartParallelItemPtr) (AH, te, act);
--- 1060,1087 ----
  }
  
  /*
!  * Dispatch a job to some free worker.
   *
   * te is the TocEntry to be processed, act is the action to be taken on it.
+  * callback is the function to call on completion of the job.
+  *
+  * If no worker is currently available, this will block, and previously
+  * registered callback functions may be called.
   */
  void
! DispatchJobForTocEntry(ArchiveHandle *AH,
! 					   ParallelState *pstate,
! 					   TocEntry *te,
! 					   T_Action act,
! 					   ParallelCompletionPtr callback,
! 					   void *callback_data)
  {
  	int			worker;
  	char	   *arg;
  
! 	/* Get a worker, waiting if none are idle */
! 	while ((worker = GetIdleWorker(pstate)) == NO_SLOT)
! 		WaitForWorkers(AH, pstate, WFW_ONE_IDLE);
  
  	/* Construct and send command string */
  	arg = (AH->MasterStartParallelItemPtr) (AH, te, act);
*************** DispatchJobForTocEntry(ArchiveHandle *AH
*** 1081,1094 ****
  
  	/* Remember worker is busy, and which TocEntry it's working on */
  	pstate->parallelSlot[worker].workerStatus = WRKR_WORKING;
! 	pstate->parallelSlot[worker].args->te = te;
  }
  
  /*
   * Find an idle worker and return its slot number.
   * Return NO_SLOT if none are idle.
   */
! int
  GetIdleWorker(ParallelState *pstate)
  {
  	int			i;
--- 1092,1107 ----
  
  	/* Remember worker is busy, and which TocEntry it's working on */
  	pstate->parallelSlot[worker].workerStatus = WRKR_WORKING;
! 	pstate->parallelSlot[worker].te = te;
! 	pstate->parallelSlot[worker].callback = callback;
! 	pstate->parallelSlot[worker].callback_data = callback_data;
  }
  
  /*
   * Find an idle worker and return its slot number.
   * Return NO_SLOT if none are idle.
   */
! static int
  GetIdleWorker(ParallelState *pstate)
  {
  	int			i;
*************** WaitForCommands(ArchiveHandle *AH, int p
*** 1260,1276 ****
   * immediately if there is none available.
   *
   * When we get a status message, we let MasterEndParallelItemPtr process it,
!  * then save the resulting status code and switch the worker's state to
!  * WRKR_FINISHED.  Later, caller must call ReapWorkerStatus() to verify
!  * that the status was "OK" and push the worker back to IDLE state.
   *
!  * XXX Rube Goldberg would be proud of this API, but no one else should be.
   *
   * XXX is it worth checking for more than one status message per call?
   * It seems somewhat unlikely that multiple workers would finish at exactly
   * the same time.
   */
! void
  ListenToWorkers(ArchiveHandle *AH, ParallelState *pstate, bool do_wait)
  {
  	int			worker;
--- 1273,1288 ----
   * immediately if there is none available.
   *
   * When we get a status message, we let MasterEndParallelItemPtr process it,
!  * then pass the resulting status code to the callback function that was
!  * specified to DispatchJobForTocEntry, then reset the worker status to IDLE.
   *
!  * Returns true if we collected a status message, else false.
   *
   * XXX is it worth checking for more than one status message per call?
   * It seems somewhat unlikely that multiple workers would finish at exactly
   * the same time.
   */
! static bool
  ListenToWorkers(ArchiveHandle *AH, ParallelState *pstate, bool do_wait)
  {
  	int			worker;
*************** ListenToWorkers(ArchiveHandle *AH, Paral
*** 1284,1317 ****
  		/* If do_wait is true, we must have detected EOF on some socket */
  		if (do_wait)
  			exit_horribly(modulename, "a worker process died unexpectedly\n");
! 		return;
  	}
  
  	/* Process it and update our idea of the worker's status */
  	if (messageStartsWith(msg, "OK "))
  	{
! 		TocEntry   *te = pstate->parallelSlot[worker].args->te;
  		char	   *statusString;
  
  		if (messageStartsWith(msg, "OK RESTORE "))
  		{
  			statusString = msg + strlen("OK RESTORE ");
! 			pstate->parallelSlot[worker].status =
  				(AH->MasterEndParallelItemPtr)
  				(AH, te, statusString, ACT_RESTORE);
  		}
  		else if (messageStartsWith(msg, "OK DUMP "))
  		{
  			statusString = msg + strlen("OK DUMP ");
! 			pstate->parallelSlot[worker].status =
  				(AH->MasterEndParallelItemPtr)
  				(AH, te, statusString, ACT_DUMP);
  		}
  		else
  			exit_horribly(modulename,
  						  "invalid message received from worker: \"%s\"\n",
  						  msg);
! 		pstate->parallelSlot[worker].workerStatus = WRKR_FINISHED;
  	}
  	else
  		exit_horribly(modulename,
--- 1296,1334 ----
  		/* If do_wait is true, we must have detected EOF on some socket */
  		if (do_wait)
  			exit_horribly(modulename, "a worker process died unexpectedly\n");
! 		return false;
  	}
  
  	/* Process it and update our idea of the worker's status */
  	if (messageStartsWith(msg, "OK "))
  	{
! 		ParallelSlot *slot = &pstate->parallelSlot[worker];
! 		TocEntry   *te = slot->te;
  		char	   *statusString;
+ 		int			status;
  
  		if (messageStartsWith(msg, "OK RESTORE "))
  		{
  			statusString = msg + strlen("OK RESTORE ");
! 			status =
  				(AH->MasterEndParallelItemPtr)
  				(AH, te, statusString, ACT_RESTORE);
+ 			slot->callback(AH, te, status, slot->callback_data);
  		}
  		else if (messageStartsWith(msg, "OK DUMP "))
  		{
  			statusString = msg + strlen("OK DUMP ");
! 			status =
  				(AH->MasterEndParallelItemPtr)
  				(AH, te, statusString, ACT_DUMP);
+ 			slot->callback(AH, te, status, slot->callback_data);
  		}
  		else
  			exit_horribly(modulename,
  						  "invalid message received from worker: \"%s\"\n",
  						  msg);
! 		slot->workerStatus = WRKR_IDLE;
! 		slot->te = NULL;
  	}
  	else
  		exit_horribly(modulename,
*************** ListenToWorkers(ArchiveHandle *AH, Paral
*** 1320,1429 ****
  
  	/* Free the string returned from getMessageFromWorker */
  	free(msg);
- }
  
! /*
!  * Check to see if any worker is in WRKR_FINISHED state.  If so,
!  * return its command status code into *status, reset it to IDLE state,
!  * and return its slot number.  Otherwise return NO_SLOT.
!  *
!  * This function is executed in the master process.
!  */
! int
! ReapWorkerStatus(ParallelState *pstate, int *status)
! {
! 	int			i;
! 
! 	for (i = 0; i < pstate->numWorkers; i++)
! 	{
! 		if (pstate->parallelSlot[i].workerStatus == WRKR_FINISHED)
! 		{
! 			*status = pstate->parallelSlot[i].status;
! 			pstate->parallelSlot[i].status = 0;
! 			pstate->parallelSlot[i].workerStatus = WRKR_IDLE;
! 			return i;
! 		}
! 	}
! 	return NO_SLOT;
  }
  
  /*
!  * Wait, if necessary, until we have at least one idle worker.
!  * Reap worker status as necessary to move FINISHED workers to IDLE state.
   *
!  * We assume that no extra processing is required when reaping a finished
!  * command, except for checking that the status was OK (zero).
!  * Caution: that assumption means that this function can only be used in
!  * parallel dump, not parallel restore, because the latter has a more
!  * complex set of rules about handling status.
   *
   * This function is executed in the master process.
   */
  void
! EnsureIdleWorker(ArchiveHandle *AH, ParallelState *pstate)
  {
! 	int			ret_worker;
! 	int			work_status;
  
! 	for (;;)
  	{
! 		int			nTerm = 0;
! 
! 		while ((ret_worker = ReapWorkerStatus(pstate, &work_status)) != NO_SLOT)
! 		{
! 			if (work_status != 0)
! 				exit_horribly(modulename, "error processing a parallel work item\n");
! 
! 			nTerm++;
! 		}
! 
! 		/*
! 		 * We need to make sure that we have an idle worker before dispatching
! 		 * the next item. If nTerm > 0 we already have that (quick check).
! 		 */
! 		if (nTerm > 0)
! 			return;
! 
! 		/* explicit check for an idle worker */
! 		if (GetIdleWorker(pstate) != NO_SLOT)
! 			return;
  
  		/*
! 		 * If we have no idle worker, read the result of one or more workers
! 		 * and loop the loop to call ReapWorkerStatus() on them
  		 */
! 		ListenToWorkers(AH, pstate, true);
! 	}
! }
! 
! /*
!  * Wait for all workers to be idle.
!  * Reap worker status as necessary to move FINISHED workers to IDLE state.
!  *
!  * We assume that no extra processing is required when reaping a finished
!  * command, except for checking that the status was OK (zero).
!  * Caution: that assumption means that this function can only be used in
!  * parallel dump, not parallel restore, because the latter has a more
!  * complex set of rules about handling status.
!  *
!  * This function is executed in the master process.
!  */
! void
! EnsureWorkersFinished(ArchiveHandle *AH, ParallelState *pstate)
! {
! 	int			work_status;
  
! 	if (!pstate || pstate->numWorkers == 1)
! 		return;
  
! 	/* Waiting for the remaining worker processes to finish */
! 	while (!IsEveryWorkerIdle(pstate))
! 	{
! 		if (ReapWorkerStatus(pstate, &work_status) == NO_SLOT)
! 			ListenToWorkers(AH, pstate, true);
! 		else if (work_status != 0)
! 			exit_horribly(modulename,
! 						  "error processing a parallel work item\n");
  	}
  }
  
--- 1337,1415 ----
  
  	/* Free the string returned from getMessageFromWorker */
  	free(msg);
  
! 	return true;
  }
  
  /*
!  * Check for status results from workers, waiting if necessary.
   *
!  * Available wait modes are:
!  * WFW_NO_WAIT: reap any available status, but don't block
!  * WFW_GOT_STATUS: wait for at least one more worker to finish
!  * WFW_ONE_IDLE: wait for at least one worker to be idle
!  * WFW_ALL_IDLE: wait for all workers to be idle
!  *
!  * Any received results are passed to MasterEndParallelItemPtr and then
!  * to the callback specified to DispatchJobForTocEntry.
   *
   * This function is executed in the master process.
   */
  void
! WaitForWorkers(ArchiveHandle *AH, ParallelState *pstate, WFW_WaitOption mode)
  {
! 	bool		do_wait = false;
  
! 	/*
! 	 * In GOT_STATUS mode, always block waiting for a message, since we can't
! 	 * return till we get something.  In other modes, we don't block the first
! 	 * time through the loop.
! 	 */
! 	if (mode == WFW_GOT_STATUS)
  	{
! 		/* Assert that caller knows what it's doing */
! 		Assert(!IsEveryWorkerIdle(pstate));
! 		do_wait = true;
! 	}
  
+ 	for (;;)
+ 	{
  		/*
! 		 * Check for status messages, even if we don't need to block.  We do
! 		 * not try very hard to reap all available messages, though, since
! 		 * there's unlikely to be more than one.
  		 */
! 		if (ListenToWorkers(AH, pstate, do_wait))
! 		{
! 			/*
! 			 * If we got a message, we are done by definition for GOT_STATUS
! 			 * mode, and we can also be certain that there's at least one idle
! 			 * worker.  So we're done in all but ALL_IDLE mode.
! 			 */
! 			if (mode != WFW_ALL_IDLE)
! 				return;
! 		}
  
! 		/* Check whether we must wait for new status messages */
! 		switch (mode)
! 		{
! 			case WFW_NO_WAIT:
! 				return;			/* never wait */
! 			case WFW_GOT_STATUS:
! 				Assert(false);	/* can't get here, because we waited */
! 				break;
! 			case WFW_ONE_IDLE:
! 				if (GetIdleWorker(pstate) != NO_SLOT)
! 					return;
! 				break;
! 			case WFW_ALL_IDLE:
! 				if (IsEveryWorkerIdle(pstate))
! 					return;
! 				break;
! 		}
  
! 		/* Loop back, and this time wait for something to happen */
! 		do_wait = true;
  	}
  }
  
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/parallel.h b/src/bin/pg_dump/parallel.h
index 21739ca..8ee629b 100644
*** a/src/bin/pg_dump/parallel.h
--- b/src/bin/pg_dump/parallel.h
***************
*** 2,15 ****
   *
   * parallel.h
   *
!  *	Parallel support header file for the pg_dump archiver
   *
   * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2016, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
   * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
   *
-  *	The author is not responsible for loss or damages that may
-  *	result from its use.
-  *
   * IDENTIFICATION
   *		src/bin/pg_dump/parallel.h
   *
--- 2,12 ----
   *
   * parallel.h
   *
!  *	Parallel support for pg_dump and pg_restore
   *
   * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2016, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
   * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
   *
   * IDENTIFICATION
   *		src/bin/pg_dump/parallel.h
   *
***************
*** 21,51 ****
  
  #include "pg_backup_archiver.h"
  
  typedef enum
  {
- 	WRKR_TERMINATED = 0,
  	WRKR_IDLE,
  	WRKR_WORKING,
! 	WRKR_FINISHED
  } T_WorkerStatus;
  
! /* Arguments needed for a worker process */
! typedef struct ParallelArgs
! {
! 	ArchiveHandle *AH;
! 	TocEntry   *te;
! } ParallelArgs;
! 
! /* State for each parallel activity slot */
  typedef struct ParallelSlot
  {
! 	ParallelArgs *args;
! 	T_WorkerStatus workerStatus;
! 	int			status;
  	int			pipeRead;		/* master's end of the pipes */
  	int			pipeWrite;
  	int			pipeRevRead;	/* child's end of the pipes */
  	int			pipeRevWrite;
  #ifdef WIN32
  	uintptr_t	hThread;
  	unsigned int threadId;
--- 18,70 ----
  
  #include "pg_backup_archiver.h"
  
+ /* Function to call in master process on completion of a worker task */
+ typedef void (*ParallelCompletionPtr) (ArchiveHandle *AH,
+ 												   TocEntry *te,
+ 												   int status,
+ 												   void *callback_data);
+ 
+ /* Wait options for WaitForWorkers */
+ typedef enum
+ {
+ 	WFW_NO_WAIT,
+ 	WFW_GOT_STATUS,
+ 	WFW_ONE_IDLE,
+ 	WFW_ALL_IDLE
+ } WFW_WaitOption;
+ 
+ /* Worker process statuses */
  typedef enum
  {
  	WRKR_IDLE,
  	WRKR_WORKING,
! 	WRKR_TERMINATED
  } T_WorkerStatus;
  
! /*
!  * Per-parallel-worker state of parallel.c.
!  *
!  * Much of this is valid only in the master process (or, on Windows, should
!  * be touched only by the master thread).  But the AH field should be touched
!  * only by workers.  The pipe descriptors are valid everywhere.
!  */
  typedef struct ParallelSlot
  {
! 	T_WorkerStatus workerStatus;	/* see enum above */
! 
! 	/* These fields are valid if workerStatus == WRKR_WORKING: */
! 	TocEntry   *te;				/* item being worked on */
! 	ParallelCompletionPtr callback;		/* function to call on completion */
! 	void	   *callback_data;	/* passthru data for it */
! 
! 	ArchiveHandle *AH;			/* Archive data worker is using */
! 
  	int			pipeRead;		/* master's end of the pipes */
  	int			pipeWrite;
  	int			pipeRevRead;	/* child's end of the pipes */
  	int			pipeRevWrite;
+ 
+ 	/* Child process/thread identity info: */
  #ifdef WIN32
  	uintptr_t	hThread;
  	unsigned int threadId;
*************** typedef struct ParallelSlot
*** 54,65 ****
  #endif
  } ParallelSlot;
  
! #define NO_SLOT (-1)
! 
  typedef struct ParallelState
  {
! 	int			numWorkers;
! 	ParallelSlot *parallelSlot;
  } ParallelState;
  
  #ifdef WIN32
--- 73,83 ----
  #endif
  } ParallelSlot;
  
! /* Overall state for parallel.c */
  typedef struct ParallelState
  {
! 	int			numWorkers;		/* allowed number of workers */
! 	ParallelSlot *parallelSlot; /* array of numWorkers slots */
  } ParallelState;
  
  #ifdef WIN32
*************** extern DWORD mainThreadId;
*** 69,85 ****
  
  extern void init_parallel_dump_utils(void);
  
- extern int	GetIdleWorker(ParallelState *pstate);
  extern bool IsEveryWorkerIdle(ParallelState *pstate);
! extern void ListenToWorkers(ArchiveHandle *AH, ParallelState *pstate, bool do_wait);
! extern int	ReapWorkerStatus(ParallelState *pstate, int *status);
! extern void EnsureIdleWorker(ArchiveHandle *AH, ParallelState *pstate);
! extern void EnsureWorkersFinished(ArchiveHandle *AH, ParallelState *pstate);
  
  extern ParallelState *ParallelBackupStart(ArchiveHandle *AH);
  extern void DispatchJobForTocEntry(ArchiveHandle *AH,
  					   ParallelState *pstate,
! 					   TocEntry *te, T_Action act);
  extern void ParallelBackupEnd(ArchiveHandle *AH, ParallelState *pstate);
  
  extern void set_archive_cancel_info(ArchiveHandle *AH, PGconn *conn);
--- 87,103 ----
  
  extern void init_parallel_dump_utils(void);
  
  extern bool IsEveryWorkerIdle(ParallelState *pstate);
! extern void WaitForWorkers(ArchiveHandle *AH, ParallelState *pstate,
! 			   WFW_WaitOption mode);
  
  extern ParallelState *ParallelBackupStart(ArchiveHandle *AH);
  extern void DispatchJobForTocEntry(ArchiveHandle *AH,
  					   ParallelState *pstate,
! 					   TocEntry *te,
! 					   T_Action act,
! 					   ParallelCompletionPtr callback,
! 					   void *callback_data);
  extern void ParallelBackupEnd(ArchiveHandle *AH, ParallelState *pstate);
  
  extern void set_archive_cancel_info(ArchiveHandle *AH, PGconn *conn);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c
index eadc874..9babfe2 100644
*** a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c
--- b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c
*************** static void par_list_remove(TocEntry *te
*** 97,105 ****
  static TocEntry *get_next_work_item(ArchiveHandle *AH,
  				   TocEntry *ready_list,
  				   ParallelState *pstate);
! static void mark_work_done(ArchiveHandle *AH, TocEntry *ready_list,
! 			   int worker, int status,
! 			   ParallelState *pstate);
  static void fix_dependencies(ArchiveHandle *AH);
  static bool has_lock_conflicts(TocEntry *te1, TocEntry *te2);
  static void repoint_table_dependencies(ArchiveHandle *AH);
--- 97,110 ----
  static TocEntry *get_next_work_item(ArchiveHandle *AH,
  				   TocEntry *ready_list,
  				   ParallelState *pstate);
! static void mark_dump_job_done(ArchiveHandle *AH,
! 				   TocEntry *te,
! 				   int status,
! 				   void *callback_data);
! static void mark_restore_job_done(ArchiveHandle *AH,
! 					  TocEntry *te,
! 					  int status,
! 					  void *callback_data);
  static void fix_dependencies(ArchiveHandle *AH);
  static bool has_lock_conflicts(TocEntry *te1, TocEntry *te2);
  static void repoint_table_dependencies(ArchiveHandle *AH);
*************** WriteDataChunks(ArchiveHandle *AH, Paral
*** 2348,2355 ****
  			 * If we are in a parallel backup, then we are always the master
  			 * process.  Dispatch each data-transfer job to a worker.
  			 */
! 			EnsureIdleWorker(AH, pstate);
! 			DispatchJobForTocEntry(AH, pstate, te, ACT_DUMP);
  		}
  		else
  			WriteDataChunksForTocEntry(AH, te);
--- 2353,2360 ----
  			 * If we are in a parallel backup, then we are always the master
  			 * process.  Dispatch each data-transfer job to a worker.
  			 */
! 			DispatchJobForTocEntry(AH, pstate, te, ACT_DUMP,
! 								   mark_dump_job_done, NULL);
  		}
  		else
  			WriteDataChunksForTocEntry(AH, te);
*************** WriteDataChunks(ArchiveHandle *AH, Paral
*** 2358,2366 ****
  	/*
  	 * If parallel, wait for workers to finish.
  	 */
! 	EnsureWorkersFinished(AH, pstate);
  }
  
  void
  WriteDataChunksForTocEntry(ArchiveHandle *AH, TocEntry *te)
  {
--- 2363,2394 ----
  	/*
  	 * If parallel, wait for workers to finish.
  	 */
! 	if (pstate && pstate->numWorkers > 1)
! 		WaitForWorkers(AH, pstate, WFW_ALL_IDLE);
! }
! 
! 
! /*
!  * Callback function that's invoked in the master process after a step has
!  * been parallel dumped.
!  *
!  * We don't need to do anything except check for worker failure.
!  */
! static void
! mark_dump_job_done(ArchiveHandle *AH,
! 				   TocEntry *te,
! 				   int status,
! 				   void *callback_data)
! {
! 	ahlog(AH, 1, "finished item %d %s %s\n",
! 		  te->dumpId, te->desc, te->tag);
! 
! 	if (status != 0)
! 		exit_horribly(modulename, "worker process failed: exit code %d\n",
! 					  status);
  }
  
+ 
  void
  WriteDataChunksForTocEntry(ArchiveHandle *AH, TocEntry *te)
  {
*************** static void
*** 3744,3754 ****
  restore_toc_entries_parallel(ArchiveHandle *AH, ParallelState *pstate,
  							 TocEntry *pending_list)
  {
- 	int			work_status;
  	bool		skipped_some;
  	TocEntry	ready_list;
  	TocEntry   *next_work_item;
- 	int			ret_child;
  
  	ahlog(AH, 2, "entering restore_toc_entries_parallel\n");
  
--- 3772,3780 ----
*************** restore_toc_entries_parallel(ArchiveHand
*** 3825,3878 ****
  
  			par_list_remove(next_work_item);
  
! 			DispatchJobForTocEntry(AH, pstate, next_work_item, ACT_RESTORE);
  		}
  		else
  		{
  			/* at least one child is working and we have nothing ready. */
  		}
  
! 		for (;;)
! 		{
! 			int			nTerm = 0;
! 
! 			/*
! 			 * In order to reduce dependencies as soon as possible and
! 			 * especially to reap the status of workers who are working on
! 			 * items that pending items depend on, we do a non-blocking check
! 			 * for ended workers first.
! 			 *
! 			 * However, if we do not have any other work items currently that
! 			 * workers can work on, we do not busy-loop here but instead
! 			 * really wait for at least one worker to terminate. Hence we call
! 			 * ListenToWorkers(..., ..., do_wait = true) in this case.
! 			 */
! 			ListenToWorkers(AH, pstate, !next_work_item);
! 
! 			while ((ret_child = ReapWorkerStatus(pstate, &work_status)) != NO_SLOT)
! 			{
! 				nTerm++;
! 				mark_work_done(AH, &ready_list, ret_child, work_status, pstate);
! 			}
! 
! 			/*
! 			 * We need to make sure that we have an idle worker before
! 			 * re-running the loop. If nTerm > 0 we already have that (quick
! 			 * check).
! 			 */
! 			if (nTerm > 0)
! 				break;
! 
! 			/* if nobody terminated, explicitly check for an idle worker */
! 			if (GetIdleWorker(pstate) != NO_SLOT)
! 				break;
! 
! 			/*
! 			 * If we have no idle worker, read the result of one or more
! 			 * workers and loop the loop to call ReapWorkerStatus() on them.
! 			 */
! 			ListenToWorkers(AH, pstate, true);
! 		}
  	}
  
  	ahlog(AH, 1, "finished main parallel loop\n");
--- 3851,3879 ----
  
  			par_list_remove(next_work_item);
  
! 			DispatchJobForTocEntry(AH, pstate, next_work_item, ACT_RESTORE,
! 								   mark_restore_job_done, &ready_list);
  		}
  		else
  		{
  			/* at least one child is working and we have nothing ready. */
  		}
  
! 		/*
! 		 * Before dispatching another job, check to see if anything has
! 		 * finished.  We should check every time through the loop so as to
! 		 * reduce dependencies as soon as possible.  If we were unable to
! 		 * dispatch any job this time through, wait until some worker finishes
! 		 * (and, hopefully, unblocks some pending item).  If we did dispatch
! 		 * something, continue as soon as there's at least one idle worker.
! 		 * Note that in either case, there's guaranteed to be at least one
! 		 * idle worker when we return to the top of the loop.  This ensures we
! 		 * won't block inside DispatchJobForTocEntry, which would be
! 		 * undesirable: we'd rather postpone dispatching until we see what's
! 		 * been unblocked by finished jobs.
! 		 */
! 		WaitForWorkers(AH, pstate,
! 					   next_work_item ? WFW_ONE_IDLE : WFW_GOT_STATUS);
  	}
  
  	ahlog(AH, 1, "finished main parallel loop\n");
*************** get_next_work_item(ArchiveHandle *AH, To
*** 4000,4008 ****
  		int			count = 0;
  
  		for (k = 0; k < pstate->numWorkers; k++)
! 			if (pstate->parallelSlot[k].args->te != NULL &&
! 				pstate->parallelSlot[k].args->te->section == SECTION_DATA)
  				count++;
  		if (pstate->numWorkers == 0 || count * 4 < pstate->numWorkers)
  			pref_non_data = false;
  	}
--- 4001,4011 ----
  		int			count = 0;
  
  		for (k = 0; k < pstate->numWorkers; k++)
! 		{
! 			if (pstate->parallelSlot[k].workerStatus == WRKR_WORKING &&
! 				pstate->parallelSlot[k].te->section == SECTION_DATA)
  				count++;
+ 		}
  		if (pstate->numWorkers == 0 || count * 4 < pstate->numWorkers)
  			pref_non_data = false;
  	}
*************** get_next_work_item(ArchiveHandle *AH, To
*** 4019,4031 ****
  		 * that a currently running item also needs lock on, or vice versa. If
  		 * so, we don't want to schedule them together.
  		 */
! 		for (i = 0; i < pstate->numWorkers && !conflicts; i++)
  		{
  			TocEntry   *running_te;
  
  			if (pstate->parallelSlot[i].workerStatus != WRKR_WORKING)
  				continue;
! 			running_te = pstate->parallelSlot[i].args->te;
  
  			if (has_lock_conflicts(te, running_te) ||
  				has_lock_conflicts(running_te, te))
--- 4022,4034 ----
  		 * that a currently running item also needs lock on, or vice versa. If
  		 * so, we don't want to schedule them together.
  		 */
! 		for (i = 0; i < pstate->numWorkers; i++)
  		{
  			TocEntry   *running_te;
  
  			if (pstate->parallelSlot[i].workerStatus != WRKR_WORKING)
  				continue;
! 			running_te = pstate->parallelSlot[i].te;
  
  			if (has_lock_conflicts(te, running_te) ||
  				has_lock_conflicts(running_te, te))
*************** get_next_work_item(ArchiveHandle *AH, To
*** 4066,4075 ****
   * our work is finished, the master process will assign us a new work item.
   */
  int
! parallel_restore(ParallelArgs *args)
  {
- 	ArchiveHandle *AH = args->AH;
- 	TocEntry   *te = args->te;
  	int			status;
  
  	Assert(AH->connection != NULL);
--- 4069,4076 ----
   * our work is finished, the master process will assign us a new work item.
   */
  int
! parallel_restore(ArchiveHandle *AH, TocEntry *te)
  {
  	int			status;
  
  	Assert(AH->connection != NULL);
*************** parallel_restore(ParallelArgs *args)
*** 4085,4106 ****
  
  
  /*
!  * Housekeeping to be done after a step has been parallel restored.
   *
!  * Clear the appropriate slot, free all the extra memory we allocated,
!  * update status, and reduce the dependency count of any dependent items.
   */
  static void
! mark_work_done(ArchiveHandle *AH, TocEntry *ready_list,
! 			   int worker, int status,
! 			   ParallelState *pstate)
  {
! 	TocEntry   *te = NULL;
! 
! 	te = pstate->parallelSlot[worker].args->te;
! 
! 	if (te == NULL)
! 		exit_horribly(modulename, "could not find slot of finished worker\n");
  
  	ahlog(AH, 1, "finished item %d %s %s\n",
  		  te->dumpId, te->desc, te->tag);
--- 4086,4103 ----
  
  
  /*
!  * Callback function that's invoked in the master process after a step has
!  * been parallel restored.
   *
!  * Update status and reduce the dependency count of any dependent items.
   */
  static void
! mark_restore_job_done(ArchiveHandle *AH,
! 					  TocEntry *te,
! 					  int status,
! 					  void *callback_data)
  {
! 	TocEntry   *ready_list = (TocEntry *) callback_data;
  
  	ahlog(AH, 1, "finished item %d %s %s\n",
  		  te->dumpId, te->desc, te->tag);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h
index 0376f2b..123aa5d 100644
*** a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h
--- b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h
*************** typedef z_stream *z_streamp;
*** 111,117 ****
  
  typedef struct _archiveHandle ArchiveHandle;
  typedef struct _tocEntry TocEntry;
- struct ParallelArgs;
  struct ParallelState;
  
  #define READ_ERROR_EXIT(fd) \
--- 111,116 ----
*************** struct _tocEntry
*** 375,381 ****
  	int			nLockDeps;		/* number of such dependencies */
  };
  
! extern int	parallel_restore(struct ParallelArgs *args);
  extern void on_exit_close_archive(Archive *AHX);
  
  extern void warn_or_exit_horribly(ArchiveHandle *AH, const char *modulename, const char *fmt,...) pg_attribute_printf(3, 4);
--- 374,380 ----
  	int			nLockDeps;		/* number of such dependencies */
  };
  
! extern int	parallel_restore(ArchiveHandle *AH, TocEntry *te);
  extern void on_exit_close_archive(Archive *AHX);
  
  extern void warn_or_exit_horribly(ArchiveHandle *AH, const char *modulename, const char *fmt,...) pg_attribute_printf(3, 4);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_custom.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_custom.c
index 66329dc..c4f487a 100644
*** a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_custom.c
--- b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_custom.c
*************** _WorkerJobRestoreCustom(ArchiveHandle *A
*** 820,832 ****
  	 */
  	const int	buflen = 64;
  	char	   *buf = (char *) pg_malloc(buflen);
- 	ParallelArgs pargs;
  	int			status;
  
! 	pargs.AH = AH;
! 	pargs.te = te;
! 
! 	status = parallel_restore(&pargs);
  
  	snprintf(buf, buflen, "OK RESTORE %d %d %d", te->dumpId, status,
  			 status == WORKER_IGNORED_ERRORS ? AH->public.n_errors : 0);
--- 820,828 ----
  	 */
  	const int	buflen = 64;
  	char	   *buf = (char *) pg_malloc(buflen);
  	int			status;
  
! 	status = parallel_restore(AH, te);
  
  	snprintf(buf, buflen, "OK RESTORE %d %d %d", te->dumpId, status,
  			 status == WORKER_IGNORED_ERRORS ? AH->public.n_errors : 0);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c
index e52f122..8071259 100644
*** a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c
--- b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c
*************** _WorkerJobRestoreDirectory(ArchiveHandle
*** 826,838 ****
  	 */
  	const int	buflen = 64;
  	char	   *buf = (char *) pg_malloc(buflen);
- 	ParallelArgs pargs;
  	int			status;
  
! 	pargs.AH = AH;
! 	pargs.te = te;
! 
! 	status = parallel_restore(&pargs);
  
  	snprintf(buf, buflen, "OK RESTORE %d %d %d", te->dumpId, status,
  			 status == WORKER_IGNORED_ERRORS ? AH->public.n_errors : 0);
--- 826,834 ----
  	 */
  	const int	buflen = 64;
  	char	   *buf = (char *) pg_malloc(buflen);
  	int			status;
  
! 	status = parallel_restore(AH, te);
  
  	snprintf(buf, buflen, "OK RESTORE %d %d %d", te->dumpId, status,
  			 status == WORKER_IGNORED_ERRORS ? AH->public.n_errors : 0);
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