"Robert Wille" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
> select * from image natural join ancestry where ancestorid=1000000 and
> (state & 7::bigint) = 0::bigint;

The planner is not going to have any statistics that allow it to predict
the number of rows satisfying that &-condition, and so it's unsurprising
if its off-the-cuff guess has little to do with reality.

I'd recommend skipping any cute tricks with bit-packing, and storing the
state (and any other values you query frequently) as its own column, so
that the query looks like 

select * from image natural join ancestry where ancestorid=1000000 and
state = 0;

ANALYZE should be able to do a reasonable job with a column that has 8
or fewer distinct values ...

                        regards, tom lane

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TIP 8: explain analyze is your friend

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