not so bad for oracle. What about for PG ? How data is stored
I agree with the datatype issue. Smallint, bigint, integer... add a constraint...
Also the way order of the records in the database is very important. As you seem to have a very large static population in your table, you should insert it, ordered by your favourite selection index (looks like it's poste).
Also, you have a lot of static data which pollutes your table. Why not create two tables, one for the current year, and one for all the past years. Use a view to present a merged view.
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