Indexing the t_name.name field, I can increase speed, but only if I
restrict my search to something like :
select *
from t_name
where t_name.name like 'my_search%'
(In this case it takes generally less than 1 second)
My question : Are there algorithms or tools that can speed up such a
type of queries ("like" condition begining with a "%" symbol) ?
Apart from indexing the field you could use full text indexing. See
http://techdocs.postgresql.org/techdocs/fulltextindexing.php
What other types of queries are you running that you want to speed up ?
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TIP 2: Don't 'kill -9' the postmaster