philip Tue Jan 21 02:17:32 2003 EDT
Modified files:
/phpdoc/en/language types.xml
Log:
Added <?php ?>, and missing CDATA's.
Index: phpdoc/en/language/types.xml
diff -u phpdoc/en/language/types.xml:1.103 phpdoc/en/language/types.xml:1.104
--- phpdoc/en/language/types.xml:1.103 Sat Jan 18 12:31:07 2003
+++ phpdoc/en/language/types.xml Tue Jan 21 02:17:32 2003
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.103 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.104 $ -->
<chapter id="language.types">
<title>Types</title>
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
+<?php
$bool = TRUE; // a boolean
$str = "foo"; // a string
$int = 12; // an integer
@@ -144,6 +145,7 @@
if (is_string($bool)) {
echo "String: $bool";
}
+?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
@@ -185,7 +187,9 @@
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
+<?php
$foo = True; // assign the value TRUE to $foo
+?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
@@ -199,6 +203,7 @@
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
+<?php
// == is an operator which test
// equality and returns a boolean
if ($action == "show_version") {
@@ -214,6 +219,7 @@
if ($show_separators) {
echo "<hr>\n";
}
+?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
@@ -283,6 +289,7 @@
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
+<?php
echo gettype((bool) ""); // bool(false)
echo gettype((bool) 1); // bool(true)
echo gettype((bool) -2); // bool(true)
@@ -290,6 +297,7 @@
echo gettype((bool) 2.3e5); // bool(true)
echo gettype((bool) array(12)); // bool(true)
echo gettype((bool) array()); // bool(false)
+?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
@@ -325,10 +333,12 @@
<title>Integer literals</title>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
+<?php
$a = 1234; # decimal number
$a = -123; # a negative number
$a = 0123; # octal number (equivalent to 83 decimal)
$a = 0x1A; # hexadecimal number (equivalent to 26 decimal)
+?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</example>
@@ -336,6 +346,7 @@
<informalexample>
<programlisting>
<![CDATA[
+<?php
decimal : [1-9][0-9]*
| 0
@@ -346,6 +357,7 @@
integer : [+-]?decimal
| [+-]?hexadecimal
| [+-]?octal
+?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
@@ -368,6 +380,7 @@
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
+<?php
$large_number = 2147483647;
var_dump($large_number);
// output: int(2147483647)
@@ -384,6 +397,7 @@
$large_number = 50000 * $million;
var_dump($large_number);
// output: float(50000000000)
+?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
@@ -410,9 +424,11 @@
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
+<?php
var_dump(25/7); // float(3.5714285714286)
var_dump((int) (25/7)); // int(3)
var_dump(round(25/7)); // float(4)
+?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
@@ -467,7 +483,9 @@
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
+<?php
echo (int) ( (0.1+0.7) * 10 ); // echoes 7!
+?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
@@ -511,7 +529,13 @@
specified using any of the following syntaxes:
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
-$a = 1.234; $a = 1.2e3; $a = 7E-10;
+<![CDATA[
+<?php
+$a = 1.234;
+$b = 1.2e3;
+$c = 7E-10;
+?>
+]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
Formally:
@@ -641,6 +665,7 @@
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
+<?php
echo 'this is a simple string';
echo 'You can also have embedded newlines in strings
this way';
@@ -652,6 +677,7 @@
// output: ... delete C:\*.*?
echo 'I am trying to include at this point: \n a newline';
// output: ... this point: \n a newline
+?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
@@ -841,10 +867,12 @@
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
+<?php
$beer = 'Heineken';
echo "$beer's taste is great"; // works, "'" is an invalid character for varnames
echo "He drank some $beers"; // won't work, 's' is a valid character for varnames
echo "He drank some ${beer}s"; // works
+?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
@@ -865,6 +893,7 @@
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
+<?php
$fruits = array('strawberry' => 'red', 'banana' => 'yellow');
// note that this works differently outside string-quotes
@@ -874,7 +903,7 @@
// Won't work. For a solution, see the complex syntax.
echo "This square is $square->width00 centimeters broad.";
-
+?>
]]>
<!-- XXX this won't work:
echo "This square is $square->{width}00 centimeters broad.";
@@ -907,6 +936,7 @@
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
+<?php
$great = 'fantastic';
echo "This is { $great}"; // won't work, outputs: This is { fantastic}
echo "This is {$great}"; // works, outputs: This is fantastic
@@ -920,6 +950,7 @@
echo "You should do it this way: {$arr['foo'][3]}";
echo "You can even write {$obj->values[3]->name}";
echo "This is the value of the var named $name: {${$name}}";
+?>
]]>
<!-- maybe it's better to leave this out??
// this works, but i disencourage its use, since this is NOT
@@ -1084,6 +1115,7 @@
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
+<?php
$foo = 1 + "10.5"; // $foo is float (11.5)
$foo = 1 + "-1.3e3"; // $foo is float (-1299)
$foo = 1 + "bob-1.3e3"; // $foo is integer (1)
@@ -1092,6 +1124,7 @@
$foo = 4 + "10.2 Little Piggies"; // $foo is float (14.2)
$foo = "10.0 pigs " + 1; // $foo is float (11)
$foo = "10.0 pigs " + 1.0; // $foo is float (11)
+?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
@@ -1106,7 +1139,9 @@
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
+<?php
echo "\$foo==$foo; type is " . gettype ($foo) . "<br />\n";
+?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
@@ -1169,7 +1204,9 @@
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
+<?php
array("foo" => "bar", 12 => true);
+?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
@@ -1189,7 +1226,9 @@
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
+<?php
array("somearray" => array(6 => 5, 13 => 9, "a" => 43));
+?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
@@ -1205,11 +1244,13 @@
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
+<?php
// This array is the same as ...
array(5 => 43, 32, 56, "b" => 12);
// ...this array
array(5 => 43, 6 => 32, 7 => 56, "b" => 12);
+?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
@@ -1254,6 +1295,7 @@
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
+<?php
$arr = array(5 => 1, 12 => 2);
$arr[] = 56; // This is the same as $arr[13] = 56;
@@ -1265,6 +1307,7 @@
unset($arr[5]); // This removes the element from the array
unset($arr); // This deletes the whole array
+?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
@@ -1288,6 +1331,7 @@
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
+<?php
$a = array(1 => 'one', 2 => 'two', 3 => 'three');
unset($a[2]);
/* will produce an array that would have been defined as
@@ -1298,6 +1342,7 @@
$b = array_values($a);
// Now b is array(1 => 'one', 2 =>'three')
+?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
@@ -1323,9 +1368,11 @@
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
+<?php
$foo[bar] = 'enemy';
echo $foo[bar];
// etc
+?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
@@ -1344,7 +1391,9 @@
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
+<?php
echo $arr[foo(true)];
+?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
@@ -1356,9 +1405,11 @@
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
+<?php
$error_descriptions[E_ERROR] = "A fatal error has occured";
$error_descriptions[E_WARNING] = "PHP issued a warning";
$error_descriptions[E_NOTICE] = "This is just an informal notice";
+?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
@@ -1368,9 +1419,11 @@
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
+<?php
$error_descriptions[1] = "A fatal error has occured";
$error_descriptions[2] = "PHP issued a warning";
$error_descriptions[8] = "This is just an informal notice";
+?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
@@ -1473,6 +1526,7 @@
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
+<?php
// this
$a = array( 'color' => 'red',
'taste' => 'sweet',
@@ -1493,6 +1547,7 @@
$b[] = 'c';
// will result in the array array(0 => 'a' , 1 => 'b' , 2 => 'c'),
// or simply array('a', 'b', 'c')
+?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
@@ -1502,6 +1557,7 @@
<title>Using array()</title>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
+<?php
// Array as (property-)map
$map = array( 'version' => 4,
'OS' => 'Linux',
@@ -1530,6 +1586,7 @@
// empty array
$empty = array();
+?>
]]>
<!-- TODO example of
- overwriting keys
@@ -1543,6 +1600,7 @@
<title>Collection</title>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
+<?php
$colors = array('red', 'blue', 'green', 'yellow');
foreach ($colors as $color) {
@@ -1555,6 +1613,7 @@
Do you like green?
Do you like yellow?
*/
+?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</example>
@@ -1573,6 +1632,7 @@
<title>Collection</title>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
+<?php
foreach ($colors as $key => $color) {
// won't work:
//$color = strtoupper($color);
@@ -1591,6 +1651,7 @@
[3] => YELLOW
)
*/
+?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</example>
@@ -1601,6 +1662,7 @@
<title>One-based index</title>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
+<?php
$firstquarter = array(1 => 'January', 'February', 'March');
print_r($firstquarter);
@@ -1626,6 +1688,7 @@
$files[] = $file;
}
closedir($handle);
+?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</example>
@@ -1640,8 +1703,10 @@
<title>Sorting array</title>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
+<?php
sort($files);
print_r($files);
+?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</example>
@@ -1654,6 +1719,7 @@
<title>Recursive and multi-dimensional arrays</title>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
+<?php
$fruits = array ( "fruits" => array ( "a" => "orange",
"b" => "banana",
"c" => "apple"
@@ -1678,6 +1744,7 @@
// Create a new multi-dimensional array
$juices["apple"]["green"] = "good";
+?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</example>
@@ -1688,6 +1755,7 @@
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
+<?php
$arr1 = array(2, 3);
$arr2 = $arr1;
$arr2[] = 4; // $arr2 is changed,
@@ -1695,6 +1763,7 @@
$arr3 = &$arr1;
$arr3[] = 4; // now $arr1 and $arr3 are the same
+?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
@@ -1749,8 +1818,12 @@
value.
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
+<![CDATA[
+<?php
$obj = (object) 'ciao';
echo $obj->scalar; // outputs 'ciao'
+?>
+]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
</para>
@@ -1854,7 +1927,11 @@
the case-insensitive keyword &null;.
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
+<![CDATA[
+<?php
$var = NULL;
+]]>
+?>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
</para>
@@ -1979,6 +2056,8 @@
how the operands are evaluated.
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
+<![CDATA[
+<?php
$foo = "0"; // $foo is string (ASCII 48)
<!-- bad example, no real operator (must be used with variable, modifies it too)
$foo++; // $foo is the string "1" (ASCII 49)
@@ -2005,6 +2084,8 @@
- -'abc' = 'abc'
-->
+?>
+]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
</para>
@@ -2031,8 +2112,12 @@
<para>
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
+<![CDATA[
+<?php
$a = "1"; // $a is a string
$a[0] = "f"; // What about string offsets? What happens?
+?>
+]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
</para>
@@ -2052,8 +2137,12 @@
above:
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
+<![CDATA[
+<?php
$a = "abc"; // $a is a string
$a{1} = "f"; // $a is now "afc"
+?>
+]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
See the section titled <link linkend="language.types.string.substr">String
@@ -2070,8 +2159,12 @@
is to be cast.
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
+<![CDATA[
+<?php
$foo = 10; // $foo is an integer
$bar = (boolean) $foo; // $bar is a boolean
+?>
+]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
</para>
@@ -2103,8 +2196,12 @@
the following are functionally equivalent:
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
+<![CDATA[
+<?php
$foo = (int) $bar;
$foo = ( int ) $bar;
+?>
+]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
</para>
@@ -2114,6 +2211,8 @@
the variable in double quotes.
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
+<![CDATA[
+<?php
$foo = 10; // $foo is an integer
$str = "$foo"; // $str is a string
$fst = (string) $foo; // $fst is also a string
@@ -2122,6 +2221,8 @@
if ($fst === $str) {
echo "they are the same";
}
+?>
+]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
</para>
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