curt Fri Aug 20 22:43:56 2004 EDT
Modified files:
/phpdoc/en/language/oop5 exceptions.xml
Log:
The overdue exception documentation.
http://cvs.php.net/diff.php/phpdoc/en/language/oop5/exceptions.xml?r1=1.1&r2=1.2&ty=u
Index: phpdoc/en/language/oop5/exceptions.xml
diff -u phpdoc/en/language/oop5/exceptions.xml:1.1
phpdoc/en/language/oop5/exceptions.xml:1.2
--- phpdoc/en/language/oop5/exceptions.xml:1.1 Sat Aug 14 20:14:46 2004
+++ phpdoc/en/language/oop5/exceptions.xml Fri Aug 20 22:43:56 2004
@@ -1,11 +1,203 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.1 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.2 $ -->
<sect1 id="language.oop5.exceptions">
<title>Exceptions</title>
<para>
- .
+ PHP5 has an exception model similar to that of other programming languages.
+ An exception can be thrown, try and caught within PHP. A Try block must
+ include at least one catch block. Multiple catch blocks can be used to
+ catch different classtypes; execution will continue after that last catch
+ block defined in sequence. Exceptions can be thrown within catch blocks.
</para>
+ <para>
+ When an exception is thrown, code following the statement will not be
+ executed and PHP will attempt to find the first matching catch block. If an
+ exception is not caught a PHP Fatal Error will be issued with an Uncaught
+ Exception message, unless there has been a handler defined with
+ <function>set_exception_handler</function>.
+ </para>
+ <example>
+ <title>Throwing an Exception</title>
+ <programlisting role="php">
+<![CDATA[
+<?php
+try {
+ $error = 'Always throw this error';
+ throw new Exception($error);
+
+ // code following an execption isn't executed.
+ echo 'Never executed';
+}
+catch (Exception $e) {
+ echo "Caught exception: ", $e, "\n";
+}
+
+/* continue execution */
+?>
+]]>
+ </programlisting>
+ </example>
+
+ <sect2 id="language.oop5.execptions.extending">
+ <title>Extending Exceptions</title>
+ <para>
+ A User defined Exception class can be defined by extending the built-in
+ Exception class. The members and properties below, show what is accessible
+ within the child class that derives from the built-in Exception class.
+ </para>
+ <example>
+ <title>The Built in Exception class</title>
+ <programlisting role="php">
+<![CDATA[
+<?php
+class Exception {
+
+ protected $message = 'Unknown exception'; // exception message
+ protected $code = 0; // user defined exception code
+ protected $file; // source filename of exception
+ protected $line; // source line of exception
+
+ function __construct(string $message=NULL, int code=0);
+
+ final function getMessage(); // message of exception
+ final function getCode(); // code of exception
+ final function getFile(); // source filename
+ final function getTrace(); // an array of the backtrace()
+ final function getTraceAsString(); // formated string of trace
+
+ /* Overrideable */
+ function _toString(); // formated string for display
+
+}
+?>
+]]>
+ </programlisting>
+ </example>
+ <para>
+ If a class extends the built-in Exception class and re-defines the <link
+ linkend="language.oop5.decon">constructor</link>, it is highly recomended
+ that it also call <link
+ linkend="language.oop5.paamayim-nekudotayim">parent::__construct()</link>
+ to ensure all available data has been properly assigned. The <link
+ linkend="language.oop5.magic">__toString()</link> method can be overriden
+ to provide a custom output when the object is presented as a string.
+ </para>
+ <example>
+ <title>Extending the Exception class</title>
+ <programlisting role="php">
+<![CDATA[
+<?php
+
+class MyException extends Exception {
+
+ /* Redefine the exception so message isn't optional */
+ public function __construct($message, $code = 0) {
+
+ // custom stuff you want to do..
+ // ...
+
+ /* make sure everything is assigned properly */
+ parent::__construct($message, $code);
+ }
+
+ /* custom string representation of object */
+ public function __toString() {
+ return __CLASS__ . ": [{$this->code}]: {$this->message}\n";
+ }
+
+ public function customFunction() {
+ echo "A Custom function for this type of exception\n";
+ }
+
+}
+
+class TestException {
+
+ public $var;
+
+ const THROW_NONE = 0;
+ const THROW_CUSTOM = 1;
+ const THROW_DEFAULT = 2;
+
+
+ function __construct($avalue = self::THROW_NONE) {
+
+ switch ($avalue) {
+ case self::THROW_CUSTOM:
+ // throw custom exception
+ throw new MyException('1 is an invalid parameter', 5);
+ break;
+
+ case self::THROW_DEFAULT:
+ // throw default one.
+ throw new Exception('2 isnt allowed as a parameter', 6);
+
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ // No exception, object will be created.
+ $this->var = $avalue;
+ break;
+
+ }
+
+ }
+
+}
+
+$o = null;
+
+try {
+ $o = new TestException(TestException::THROW_CUSTOM);
+}
+catch (MyException $e) { /* Will be caught */
+ echo "Caught my exception\n", $e;
+ $e->customFunction();
+}
+catch (Exception $e) { /* Skipped */
+ echo "Caught Default Exception\n", $e;
+}
+var_dump($o); /* continue execution */
+echo "\n\n";
+
+try {
+ $o = new TestException(TestException::THROW_DEFAULT);
+}
+catch (MyException $e) { /* Doesn't match this type */
+ echo "Caught my exception\n", $e;
+ $e->customFunction();
+}
+catch (Exception $e) { /* Will be caught */
+ echo "Caught Default Exception\n", $e;
+}
+var_dump($o); /* continue execution */
+echo "\n\n";
+
+
+try {
+ $o = new TestException(TestException::THROW_CUSTOM);
+}
+catch (Exception $e) { /* Will be caught */
+ echo "Default Exception caught\n", $e;
+}
+var_dump($o); /* continue execution */
+echo "\n\n";
+
+try {
+ $o = new TestException();
+}
+catch (Exception $e) { /* skipped, no exception */
+ echo "Default Exception caught\n", $e;
+}
+var_dump($o); /* continue execution */
+echo "\n\n";
+
+
+]]>
+ </programlisting>
+ </example>
+ </sect2>
</sect1>
